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Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918
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Historical SummaryWhile the war progressed in Europe, relations between the United States and Japan steadily deteriorated. In part this was the result of Japan’s obvious plan to take advantage of the preoccupation of the European powers and rapidly establish her hegemony over the Far East. On August 1, 1940, the government of Prince Fumimaro Konoye announced that Japan’s foreign policy aimed "ultimately at the construction of a new order in Greater East Asia." According to a rescript (September 27, 1940) of Emperor Hirohito, moreover, the German and Italian governments "share in the views and aspirations of our empire." On that same day, indeed, the three totalitarian regimes concluded an alliance at Berlin and established the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. Article 3 of the document made it appear that the alliance was aimed at the United States. It was signed by Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, Foreign Minister Count Galeazzo Ciana, and Japanese Ambassador to Germany Saburo Kurusu.
World History 276.
The German-Italian-Japanese Alliance or Three Power Pact of September 27, 194029
The Governments of Germany, Italy, and Japan consider it as a condition precedent of a lasting peace, that each nation of the world be given its own proper place. They have therefore decided to stand together and to cooperate with one another in their efforts in Greater East Asia and in the regions of Europe, wherein it is their prime purpose to establish and maintain a new order of things calculated to promote the prosperity and welfare of the peoples there. Furthermore, it is the desire of the three Governments to extend this cooperation to such nations in other parts of the world as are inclined to give to their endeavors a direction similar to their own, in order that their aspirations towards world peace as the ultimate goal may thus be realized. Accordingly, the Governments of Germany, Italy, and Japan have agreed as follows:
ARTICLE 1. Japan recognizes and respects the leadership of Germany and Italy in the establishment of a new order in Europe.
ARTICLE 2. Germany and Italy recognize and respect the leadership of Japan in the establishment of a new order in Greater East Asia.
ARTICLE 3. Germany, Italy, and Japan agree to cooperate in their efforts on the aforesaid basis. They further undertake to assist one another with all political, economic, and military means, if one of the three Contracting Parties is attacked by a Power at present not involved in the European war or in the Chinese-Japanese conflict.
ARTICLE 4. For the purpose of implementing the present pacts, joint technical commissions, the members of which are to be appointed by the Governments of Germany, Italy, and Japan, will meet without delay.
ARTICLE 5. Germany, Italy, and Japan affirm that the aforesaid terms do not in any way affect the political status which exists at present between each of the three Contracting Parties and Soviet Russia.
ARTICLE 6. The present Pact shall come into force immediately upon signature and shall remain in force for ten years from the date of its coming into force.
At the proper time before expiration of the said term the High Contracting Parties shall, if one of them so requests, enter into negotiations for its renewal.
In faith whereof, the undersigned, duly authorized by their Governments, have signed this pact and have hereunto apposed their seals.
Done in 3 original copies at Berlin, on the 27th day of September, 1940, in the XVIIIth year of the Fascist Era, corresponding to the 27th day of the 9th month of the 15th year of the Showa era.
29 United States, Office of United States Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, 8 vols. and 2 suppl, vols., Government Printing Office, Washington, 1946–1948, vol. V, pp. 355–357.
30 The full text of this statement may be found in United States, Department of State (Publications No. 2008 and 2016) Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. Japan: 1931–1941, 2 vols., Government Printing Office, Washington, 1943, vol. II, pp. 108–111.
31 The rescript may be found in ibid., vol. II, p. 168.
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Chicago: "The German-Italian-Japanese Alliance or Three Power Pact of September 27, 1940," Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918 in Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918, ed. Walter Consuelo Langsam and James Michael Egan (Chicage: Lippincott, 1951), 921–923. Original Sources, accessed May 4, 2024, http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=R6GZY4G381J3JRJ.
MLA: . "The German-Italian-Japanese Alliance or Three Power Pact of September 27, 1940." Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918, in Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918, edited by Walter Consuelo Langsam and James Michael Egan, Chicage, Lippincott, 1951, pp. 921–923. Original Sources. 4 May. 2024. http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=R6GZY4G381J3JRJ.
Harvard: , 'The German-Italian-Japanese Alliance or Three Power Pact of September 27, 1940' in Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918. cited in 1951, Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918, ed. , Lippincott, Chicage, pp.921–923. Original Sources, retrieved 4 May 2024, from http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=R6GZY4G381J3JRJ.
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