Sir Winston Churchill (November 30, 1874-January 24, 1965)—English politician speaker, author, painter, soldier, and war reporter—was one of the greatest leaders in world history. Churchill is most famous for his role as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II when he rallied his country in a time of war and gloom. Churchill earned his living as a writer from 1898 when he published his first book, The Story of the Malakand Field Force, to the end of his writing career in the 1950s. He authored biographies, memoirs, histories, newspaper articles, and a single novel. Churchill was the recipient of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values."