Battle of Zama

The Battle of Zama was fought between the Carthaginian army, led by Hannibal and a Roman army, led by Scipio. Hannibal famously invaded northern Italy using trained war elephants, but he was forced to return to defend Carthage after Roman invasion threatened the capital. Scipio defeated Hannibal by using special methods to confuse and kill the elephants thereby removing the Carthaginian's tactical edge. The following documents are addresses from the two leaders to their troops.