World History

F. Treaty of Zurich.

November 10, 1859. De Clercq, Traités, VII, 643–649. Translation based upon that of Hertslet, Map of Europe by Treaty, 1380–1391.

Clercq. [A. J. H.] de and Jules de. Recueil des traités de la France publié sous les auspices du Ministère des affaires étrangères. Vol. 1—. Paris, 1880–1904.

In the name of the Most Holy and Indivisible Trinity.

His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, and His Majesty the Emperor of the French, desirous of putting an end to the calamities of war, and of preventing the recurrence of the complications which gave rise to it, by assisting to place upon solid and durable bases the internal and external independence of Italy, have resolved to convert into a definitive treaty of peace the preliminaries signed by their hands at Villafranca.

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1. There shall be in the future peace and friendship between His Majesty the Emperor of Austria and His Majesty the Emperor of the French, as also between their heirs and successors, their respective states and subjects, forever.

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4. His Majesty the Emperor of Austria renounces, for himself and all his descendants and successors, in favor of His Majesty the Emperor of the French, his rights and titles to Lombardy, with the exception of the fortresses of Peschiera and Mantua, and the territories determined by the new delimitation, which remain in the possession of His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty.

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5. His Majesty the Emperor of the French declares his intention of handing over to His Majesty the King of Sardinia the territories ceded by the preceding article.

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18. His Majesty the Emperor of Austria and His Majesty the Emperor of the French engage to make every effort to encourage the creation of a confederation among the Italian states, which shall be placed under the honorary presidency of the Holy Father, and the object of which shall be to uphold the independence and inviolability of the confederated states, to assure the development of their moral and material interests, and to guarantee the internal and external safety of Italy by the existence of a federal army.

Venetia, which remains subject to the crown of His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, will form one of the states of this confederation, and will participate in the obligations, as in the rights resulting from the federal pact, the clauses of which shall be determined by an assembly composed of the representatives of all the Italian states.

19. As the territorial delimitation of the independent states of Italy which took no part in the late war, can be changed only with the sanction of the powers who presided at their formation and recognized their existence, the rights of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, the Duke of Modena, and the Duke of Parma, are expressly reserved by the high contracting parties.

20. Desirous of seeing the tranquility of the States of the Church and the power of the Holy Father assured; convinced that this object could not be more efficaciously attained than by the adoption of a system suited to the wants of the populations and conformable to the generous intentions already manifested by the Sovereign Pontiff, His Majesty the Emperor of the French and His Majesty the Emperor of Austria will unite their efforts to obtain from His Holiness that the necessity of introducing into the administration of his states the reforms, recognized as indispensable shall be taken into serious consideration by his government.

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