III.

There are three species of envy, each worse than the preceding: The First, when a man is pained at another’s enjoying some good (in kind or degree) which he cannot himself attain: The Second, when a man is pained at another’s having what he himself has, but wants to have alone: Both these are exemplified in Caesar, who would bear no superior; and Pompey, who would bear no equal. The Third is, when a man cannot or will not enjoy his own good, lest another should enjoy it with him.

It is well known how many in the learned world are infected with this evil disease.