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U.S. Statutes at Large
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Historical SummaryA JOINT resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution providing for the popular election of Senators was reported, January 11, 1911, by William E. Borah of Idaho from the Senate Committee on Judiciary, to which the matter had been referred, and debated at length until February 28, when it failed to pass, less than two-thirds voting for it. In the 62d Congress numerous resolutions relating to the subject appeared in both houses. A joint resolution identical with that of January H was presented in the House, April 5, 1911, by William W. Rucker of Missouri, and on the 13th passed with amendments by a vote of 296 to 16, 77 not voting. An amended form, reported by Senator Borah May 1, passed the Senate, June 12, by a vote of 64 to 24, 2 not voting. The House disagreed to the Senate amendments, and the resolution went to a conference committee, where it remained until the close of the session. April 17, 1912, in the second session, Senator Clarence D. Clark of Wyoming reported that the conference committee were unable to agree; but on the 23d the House yielded, and May 14 the resolution was signed by the Speaker and the Vice-President. The amendment was ratified by all the States except Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah and Virginia. A proclamation of May 31 declared the amendment in force. An act of June 4, 1914, to expire three years from its date, made temporary provision for the election of senators under the new system. REFERENCES. — Text in U. S. Stat. at Large, XXXVIII., Part 2, 2049. For the debates see the Cong. Record, 61st and 62d Congresses. See also House Report 2, 62d Cong., 1st Sess.; the Sutherland minority report of May 22, 1911, is Senate Report 35 (also in the Record, 1428, 1429).
No. 198.
Seventeenth Amendment
May 31, 1913
ARTICLE XVII
1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
2. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointment until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
3. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.
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Chicago:
"Seventeenth Amendment," U.S. Statutes at Large in Documentary Source Book of American History, 1606-1913, ed. William MacDonald (1863-1938) (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1916), Original Sources, accessed July 12, 2025, http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=9FFEV7XBXINP2WY.
MLA:
. "Seventeenth Amendment." U.S. Statutes at Large, in Documentary Source Book of American History, 1606-1913, edited by William MacDonald (1863-1938), New York, The Macmillan Company, 1916, Original Sources. 12 Jul. 2025. http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=9FFEV7XBXINP2WY.
Harvard:
, 'Seventeenth Amendment' in U.S. Statutes at Large. cited in 1916, Documentary Source Book of American History, 1606-1913, ed. , The Macmillan Company, New York. Original Sources, retrieved 12 July 2025, from http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=9FFEV7XBXINP2WY.
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