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Op. Cit.
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Historical SummaryIn America, among the Omaha of the Plains, a rudimentary form of legal magic is reported by Fletcher and La Flesche. Through wazhinagatha, a disfavorable fixation of their minds on an offensive person, the honorary chiefs put him out of helpful relations with men and animals, and misfortune or death was supposed to follow. The authors also describe a similar action among the neighboring Ponca:
When a man was to be punished, all the chiefs gathered together and this pipe was filled by the leader and smoked by all the chiefs present. Then each chief put his mind on the offender as the leader took the pipe to clean it. He poured some of the tobacco ashes on the ground, and said, "This shall rankle in the calves of the man’s legs." Then he twirled the cleaning stick in the pipe and took out a little more ashes, and, putting them on the earth, said, "This shall be for the base of the sinews, and he shall start with pain" (in the back). A third time he twirled the cleaning stick, put more ashes on the earth, and said, "This is for the spine, at the base of the head." A fourth time he twirled the cleaning stick in the pipe, poured out the ashes, put them on the ground, and said, "This is for the crown of his head." This act finished the man, who died soon after.1
1Fletchern/an/an/an/an/an/a and La Fleschen/an/an/an/an/an/a, , 213–216, 497.
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Chicago: "Op. Cit.," Op. Cit. in Primitive Behavior: An Introduction to the Social Sciences, ed. Thomas, William I. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1937), Original Sources, accessed May 12, 2025, http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=ALVAK49GRWGJ5VB.
MLA: . "Op. Cit." Op. Cit., in Primitive Behavior: An Introduction to the Social Sciences, edited by Thomas, William I., New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1937, Original Sources. 12 May. 2025. http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=ALVAK49GRWGJ5VB.
Harvard: , 'Op. Cit.' in Op. Cit.. cited in 1937, Primitive Behavior: An Introduction to the Social Sciences, ed. , McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York. Original Sources, retrieved 12 May 2025, from http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=ALVAK49GRWGJ5VB.
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