SECTION IV.
OF AUXILIARY VERBS.

1. The Indicative Mood has seven Tenses: Four simple, and three compound.

2. The simple are, the Present, the Imperfect, (which speaks of an action past, without mentioning the time,) the Preterperfect Definite, (which does mention the time,) and the Future.

3. The compound are, the Perfect Indefinite, (which speaks of an action perfectly past, without mentioning the time,) the First Preterpluperfect, which does not, and the Second, which does, specify the time.

4. The Subjunctive Mood has three simple, and four compound Tenses.

5. The simple are, the Present, the First Imperfect, and the Second Imperfect.

6. The compound are, the Preterperfect, the First Preterpluperfect, the Second Preterpluperfect, and the Future.

7. There are two auxiliary Verbs, avoir and etre.

8. Avoir, to have, is conjugated thus: —

Sing.J’ai,tu as,il a.

I have,thou hast,he hath.

Plu.Nous avons,vous avez,ilsont.

We have,you have,they have.

Sing.J’avois,tu avois,il avoit.

I had,thou hadst,he had.

Plu.avions,aviez,avoient.

we had,ye had,they had.

Sing.eus,eus,eut.

I have had, etc.

Plu.eumes,eutes,eurent.

We have had, etc.

Sing.aurai,auras,aura.

I shall or will have, etc.

Plu.aurons,aurez,auront.

We shall or will have, etc.

The three compound Tenses are a repetition of the three first simple Tenses, with eu subjoined to each Person.

Sing.J’ai eu, etc.Plu.Nous avons eu, etc.

I have had.We have had.

Sing.J’avois eu, etc.Plu.Nous avions eu, etc.

I had had.We had had.

Sing.J’eus eu, etc. Plu.Nous eumes eu, etc.

I had had.We had had.

Have thou,let him have.

Plu.Ayons,qu’ils ayent.

Let us have,let them have.

Sing.J’aye,ayes,ait.

I may or can have, etc.

Plu.Ayons,ayez,ayent.

We may or can have, etc.

Sing.J’aurois,tu aurois,il auroit.

I should have, etc.

Plu.Nous aurions,vouz auriez,ils auroient.

We should have, etc.

Sing.Eusse,eusses,eusse.

I might have, etc.

Plu.Eussions,eussiez,eussent.

We might have, etc.

The four compound Tenses are a repetition of these sirnple Tenses, and of the Future of the Indicative, with eu subjoined to each Person.

Sing.J’aye eu, etc.Plu. Nous ayons eu, etc.

I may have had.

Sing.J’aurois eu, etc.Plu. Nous aurions eu, etc.

I should have had.

Sing.J’eusse eu, etc.Plu. Nous eussions eu, etc.

I might have had.

Sing.J’aurai eu, etc.Plu. Nous aurons eu, etc.

I shall have had.

9. Etre, to be, is conjugated thus: —

Sing.Je suis, es, est.Plu. Sommes, etes, sont.

I am, thou art, etc.

Sing.Etois, etois, etoit.Plu. Etions, etiez, etoient.

I was, etc.

Sing.Fus, fus, fut.Plu. Fumes, futes, furent.

I have been, etc.

Sing.Serai, seras, sera.Plu. Serons, serez, seront.

Ishall or will be, etc.

The compound Tenses are a repetition of the thrce first simple Tenses of avoir, with ete sub.joined to each Person.

Sing.J’ai ete, etc.Plu. Nous avons ete, etc.

I have been.

Sing.J’avois ete, etc.Plu. Nous avions ete; etc.

I had been.

Sing.J’eus ete, etc.Plu. Nous eumes ete, etc.

I had been.

Sing.Sois, qu’il soit. Plu. Soyons, soyez, qu’ils soient.

Be thou, etc.

Sing.Je sois, sois, soit. Plu. Soyons, soyez, soient.

I may be.

Sing.Serois, serois, seroit.Plu. Serions, seriez, seroient.

I should be.

Sing.Fusse,fusses, fut.Plu. Fussions,fussiez,fussent.

I might be, etc.

The compound Tenses are a repetition of these simple Tenses, and of the Future of the Indicative of avoir, with ete subjoined.

Sing.J’aye ete, etc.Plu. Nous ayons ete, etc.

I may have been.

Sing.J’aurois ete,etc.Plu. Nous aurions e!e, etc.

I should have been.

Sing.J’eusse ete, etc.Plu. Nous eussions ete, etc.

I might have been.

Sing.J’aurai ete, etc.Plu. Nous aurions ete, etc.

I shall have been.