Title 11—Bankruptcy
This title was enacted by Pub. L. 95–598, title I, § 101, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2549
Chap. Sec.
1. General Provisions 101
3. Case Administration 301
5. Creditors, the Debtor, and the Estate 501
7. Liquidation 701
9. Adjustment of Debts of a Municipality 901
11. Reorganization 1101
12. Adjustment of Debts of Family Farmers with Regular Annual Income 1 1201
1 So in original. Does not conform to chapter heading.
13. Adjustment of Debts of an Individual With Regular Income 1301
[15. Repealed.]
1994—Pub. L. 103–394, title V, § 501(d)(39), Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4147, struck out item for chapter 15, "United States Trustees".
1986—Pub. L. 99–554, title II, § 257(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3114, added item for chapter 12.
This Table lists the sections of former Title 11, Bankruptcy, and indicates the sections of Title 11, as revised by Pub. L. 95–598 which cover similar and related subject matter.
Title 11 Former Sections
Title 11 New Sections
1(1)–(3) Rep.
1(4) 101(12)
1(5)–(7) Rep.
1(8) 101(8)
1(9), (10) Rep.
1(11) 101(9)
1(12), (13) Rep.
1(14) 101(11)
1(15), (16) Rep.
1(17) 101(17), (18)
1(18) Rep.
1(19) 101(26)
1(20)–(22) Rep.
1(23) 101(30)
1(24) 101(31)
1(25), (26) Rep.
1(27) 101(34)
1(28), (29) Rep.
1(29a) 101(38)
1(30) 101(40)
1(31) Rep.
1(32) 101(24)
1(33), (34) Rep.
1(35) 102(7)
11(a)(1) 109(a)
11(a)(2) 502(j)
11(a)(2A) 505(a), (b)
11(a)(3), (4) Rep.
11(a)(5) 721
11(a)(6) Rep.
11(a)(7) 363
11(a)(8) 350
11(a)(9)–(14) Rep.
11(a)(15) 105
11(a)(16) Rep.
11(a)(17) 324
11(a)(18) 303(i)
11(a)(19), (20) Rep.
11(a)(21) 543(b), (c)
11(a)(22) 305(a)(2)
11(b) Rep.
21 303(h)
22 109(b)
22(a) 301
22(b) 303(a)
23(a) Rep.
23(b) 303(b)
23(c)–(f) Rep.
23(g) 723
23(h)–(k) Rep.
24 522
25(a)(1) 343, 521(4)
25(a)(2) Rep.
25(a)(3) 521(2)
25(a)(4) 521(3)
25(a)(5) 521(3)
25(a)(6) 521(2)
25(a)(7) 521(2)
25(a)(8), (9) 521(1)
25(a)(10) 343, 344
25(a)(11) 521(3)
25(b) Rep.
26 541(a)
27, 28 Rep.
29(a) 362
29(b)–(d) Rep.
29(e) 108(a), (b)
29(f) 108(c)
30, 31 (See former 501–1103)
32(a) 727(a)(10), 1141(d)(4)
32(b) 727(c)
32(c)(1) 727(a)(2), (4)
32(c)(2) 727(a)(3)
32(c)(3) 727(a)(4)
32(c)(4) 727(a)(2)
32(c)(5) 727(a)(8), (9)
32(c)(6) 727(a)(6)
32(c)(7) 727(a)(5)
32(c)(8) Rep.
32(d), (e) Rep.
32(f) 524(a)
32(g), (h) Rep.
33 727(d), (e), 1328(e)
34 524(e)
35(a)(1) 523(a)(1)
35(a)(2) 523(a)(2)
35(a)(3) 523(a)(3)
35(a)(4) 523(a)(4)
35(a)(5), (6) Rep.
35(a)(7) 523(a)(5)
35(a)(8) 523(a)(6)
35(b) 523(b), 349(a)
35(c) 523(c)
35(c)(4) 362
41(a) Rep.
41(b) 303(d)
41(c)–(e) Rep.
41(f) 301
42 T. 28 § 1480
43 Rep.
44(a) 343
44(b)–(f) Rep.
44(g) 549(c)
44(h)–(l) Rep.
45–51 Rep.
52, 53 Rep.
54 Rep.
55 T. 28 § 1475
61–71 Rep.
72(a) 702
72(b) 705
72(c) 327(c)
73 321
74 325, 703(a)
75(a)(1) 704(1)
75(a)(2) 345
75(a)(3) 704(2)
75(a)(4) Rep.
75(a)(5) 704(2)
75(a)(6) Rep.
75(a)(7) 704(3)
75(a)(8) 704(4)
75(a)(9) 704(5)
75(a)(10) 704(6)
75(a)(11), (12) Rep.
75(a)(13) 704(8)
75(a)(14) Rep.
75(b), (c) Rep.
76(a), (b) Rep.
76(c) 326(a), 330
76(d) Rep.
76(e) 326(d)
76(f), (g) Rep.
76a 330
77 107
78(a) Rep.
78(b) 322(a)
78(c) 322(b)(1)
78(d) 322(b)(2)
78(e) Rep.
78(f), (g) 322(b)(2)
78(h) Rep.
78(i) 322(c)
78(j)–(l) Rep.
78(m) 322(d)
78(n) Rep.
79–82 Rep.
91, 92 341
93(a)–(c) Rep.
93(d) 502(a), (c)
93(e) Rep.
93(f) 502(b)
93(g) 502(d)
93(h) 506(a), (b)
93(i) 501(b), 509
93(j) 724(a)
93(k) 502(j)
93(l), (m) Rep.
93(n) 501(a), 726(a)(3)
93a Rep.
94 342
95(a) 301
95(b) 303(b)
95(c), (d) Rep.
95(e) 303(b)
95(f) 303(c)
95(g) 303(j), 707
95(h) Rep.
96 547
96(a)(4) 547(e)(1)(B)
96(b) 550, 551
96(c) 547(c)(4), 553
96(d) 329
96(e)(1) 741
96(e)(2) 745, 751, 752
96(e)(3) 753
96(e)(5) 749
101 345
101a Rep.
102(a)(1) 503(b)(2)
102(a)(2)–(4) Rep.
102(b) Rep.
102(c) 504
102(d) Rep.
103 101(4)
103(a)(9) 502(b)(7)
103(c) 365
103a Rep.
104(a) 507
104(a)(1) 503(b)
104(a)(2) 507(a)(3)
104(a)(4) 502(b)(4), 505(a), (b)
104(b) Rep.
105(a)–(c) Rep.
105(d) 508
105(e) Rep.
106(a) 347(a)
106(b) Rep.
107(a) 349(b), 547(b), (d), 551
107(b), (c) 545
107(c)(1)(A) 545(1)
107(c)(1)(B) 545(2), 546(b)
107(c)(1)(C) 545(3), (4)
107(c)(2) 551
107(c)(3) 724(b)
107(d)(1)(a)–(c) Rep.
107(d)(1)(d) 101(26)
107(d)(1)(e) Rep.
107(d)(2) 548(a)
107(d)(3) 550
107(d)(4) 548(b)
107(d)(5) 548(d)(1)
107(d)(6) 548(c), 550, 551
107(d)(7) Rep.
107(e), (f) Rep.
108 502(b)(3), 553
109(a) 303(e)
109(b) 303(i)
109(c) Rep.
109(d) 303(g), 543(b), (c)
110(a) 541(a)
110(a)(3) 541(b)
110(a)(5) 522(d)(7), (8)
110(b) 365
110(c) 541(e), 544(a)
110(d)(1) 549(a)
110(d)(2), (3) 542(c)
110(d)(4), (5) Rep.
110(e) 544(b)
110(f) 363
110(g)–(i) Rep.
111, 112 Rep.
201, 202 (See former 501–1103)
202a–204 Rep.
205(a) Rep.
205(b) 1171(b), 1172
205(c)(1) 1163
205(c)(2) 1166
205(c)(3)–(5) Rep.
205(c)(6) 1169
205(c)(7)–(13) Rep.
205(d) Rep.
205(e) 1173
205(f)–(i) Rep.
205(j) 1168
205(k), (l) Rep.
205(m) 101(33)
205(n) 1167, 1171(a)
205(o) 1170
205(p)–(s) Rep.
205a Rep.
206, 207 (See former 501–1103)
208 Rep.
301–303 Rep.
401(1) 101(4)
401(2) Rep.
401(3) 101(9)
401(4) Rep.
401(5) 101(11)
401(6) 101(28)
401(7) 101(30)
401(8) 101(12)
401(9) Rep.
401(10) 902(2)
401(11) 903(3)
402(a) Rep.
402(b)(1), (2) 901
402(b)(3) Rep.
402(c) 904
402(d) 921(b)
403 903
404 101(29), 109(c)
405(a) 921(a), (c)–(f)
405(b) 901, 924
405(c) Rep.
405(d) 923
405(e) 901
405(e)(1) 922(a)
405(f), (g) Rep.
405(h) 901, 926
406, 407 Rep.
408(a) 925
408(b) 901
408(c) Rep.
409 901
410(a) 941, 942
410(b) 942
411, 412 901
413 901, 943(a)
414(a) 901
414(b)(1) 943(b)(5), (6)
414(b)(2) 943(b)(2)
414(b)(3) Rep.
414(b)(4) 943(b)(3)
414(b)(5) Rep.
414(b)(6) 943(b)(4)
415(a) 944(a)
415(b)(1) 944(b)
415(b)(2) 944(c)
416(a) Rep.
416(b) 901
416(c) Rep.
416(d) 347(b), 901
416(e) 945(a)
416(f) Rep.
417 946
418 927
501, 502 Rep.
506(1) 101(4)
506(2), (3) Rep.
506(4) 101(9)
506(5) 101(12)
506(6) 101(11)
506(7) Rep.
506(8) 101(23)
506(9) 101(31)
506(10) Rep.
506(11) 101(35)
506(12), (13) Rep.
507 1124
511, 512 Rep.
513 362
514, 515 Rep.
516(1) 365
516(2) 364
516(3) 363
516(4) 362
516(5), (6) 1110
517–521 Rep.
526 303(b)
527 Rep.
528 T. 28 § 1472
529–533 Rep.
536, 537 303(d)
541–549 Rep.
556 1104(a)
557 327
558 101(13)
559 1105
560 324, 1104(c)
561, 562 Rep.
563 1107(a)
564 1106(a)(2)
565 Rep.
566 107
567(1) 1106(a)(3)
567(2) Rep.
567(3) 1106(a)(4)(A)
567(4) Rep.
567(5) 1106(a)(4)
567(6) Rep.
568 1104(b), 1106(b)
569 1106(a)(5)
570 1121
571–574 Rep.
575 1125(d)
576 1125(b)
577, 578 Rep.
579 1126, 1128(a)
580 1128(b)
586 541(a)
587 1106
588 1107(a)
589 1108
590 Rep.
591 327
596 501(a), 1111
597 1122
598 501(a)
599 1126(a)
600, 601 Rep.
602 502(b)(7)
603 1126(e)
604 1143
605 347(b)
606 1109(b)
607 1109
608 1109(a)
609–613 Rep.
616(1) 1123(b)(1)
616(2) 1123(a)(5), (b)(4)
616(3) Rep.
616(4) 1123(b)(2)
616(5) 1123(a)(3)
616(6) 1123(a)(2)
616(7)–(9) Rep.
616(10) 1123(a)(5)
616(11) 1123(a)(7)
616(12)(a) 1123(a)(6)
616(12)(b) Rep.
616(13) 1123(b)(3)
616(14) 1123(b)(5)
621(1) 1129(a)(1)
621(2) 1129(a)(7), (11)
621(3) 1129(a)(3)
621(4) 1129(a)(4)
621(5) 1129(a)(5)
622 1127
623 1127(d)
624(1) 1141(a)
624(2) 1129(a)(6), 1142(a)
624(3), (4) Rep.
625 Rep.
626 1141(c)
627 1142(b)
628(1) 1141(d)(1)–(3)
628(2)–(4) Rep.
629(a) 1101(2)
629(b) Rep.
629(c) 1127(b)
636 1112(b)
637 Rep.
638 348
641(1), (2) Rep.
641(3), (4) 330
641(5) 503(b)(4)
642(1) 503(b)(3), (5)
642(2) Rep.
642(3) 503(b)(4)
643 503(b)(3), (4)
644(1) 330
644(2) 503(b)(4)
644(3) 330
644(4) 503(b)(3), (4)
645–650 Rep.
656–659 Rep.
661 108(c)
662 Rep.
663 362
664(a) 1145(a)
664(b) 1145(b)
665, 666 Rep.
667 1146(c)
668 346(j)(1)
669 1129(d)
670 346(j)(5)
671, 672 Rep.
676 Rep.
701, 702 Rep.
706(1), (2) Rep.
706(3) 101(12), 109(d)
706(4) Rep.
706(5) 101(31)
707(1) 101(9)
707(2) 101(4), (11)
708 1124
711, 712 Rep.
713(1) 365
713(2) 363
713(3) Rep.
714 362
715, 716 Rep.
721–728 Rep.
731–733 Rep.
734 341
735 341
735(3) 1128(a)
736 341
736(2) 501(a)
736(3) 343
737(1) Rep.
737(2) 1129(a)(9)
737(3) 1128(a)
738 1102
739(1)(a) 1103(c)(2)
739(1)(b)–(e) 1103(c)(3)
739(1)(f) 1104(c)(5)
739(2) 503(b)(4), 1103(a)
741 Rep.
742 1107(a)
743 1108
744 364
751 1122
752 Rep.
753 502(b)(7)
754, 755 Rep.
755a 501(a)
756 Rep.
757(1) Rep.
757(2) 1123(b)(2)
757(3)–(7) Rep.
757(8) 1123(b)(5)
761 1129(a)(3)
762 Rep.
763 1127
764 1127(d)
765 1127(c)
766(1) 1129(a)(1)
766(2) 1129(a)(7), (11)
766(3) 1129(a)(2)
766(4) 1129(a)(3)
767(1) 1141(a)
767(2)–(4) Rep.
768–770 Rep.
771 1141(d)(1)–(3)
772 Rep.
776, 777 1112(b)
778 348
779–781 Rep.
786 1144
787(1) 1127(b)
787(2) 1127(c)
787(3) 1127(d)
787(4) Rep.
791 108(c)
792 Rep.
793(a) 1145(a)
793(b) 1145(b)
794 Rep.
795 346(j)(1)
796 346(j)(5)
797 Rep.
799 Rep.
801, 802 Rep.
806(1) Rep.
806(2) 101(4)
806(3), (4) Rep.
806(5) 101(9)
806(6) 101(12), 109(d)
806(7) 101(11)
806(8) 101(23)
806(9) 101(31)
807 1124
811, 812 Rep.
813(1) 365
813(2) 363
813(3) Rep.
814 362
815, 816 Rep.
821–827 Rep.
828 362
831 Rep.
832 1104(a)
833 Rep.
834 341
835 341, 1128(a)
836 341
836(2) 501(a)
836(3) 343
837(1) 1104(a)
837(2) Rep.
837(3) 1128(a)
841 Rep.
842 1106
843 348
844 1107(a)
845 1108
846 364
851 501(a), 1111
852 1122
853 Rep.
854 501(a)
855–857 Rep.
858 502(b)(7)
859 Rep.
861(1)–(3) Rep.
861(4) 1123(b)(2)
861(5), (6) Rep.
861(7) 1123(b)(4)
861(8) Rep.
861(9) 1123(a)(3)
861(10) 1123(a)(2)
861(11) Rep.
861(12) 1123(a)(5)
861(13) 1123(b)(5)
866 Rep.
867 1129(a)(3)
868 Rep.
869 1127(a), (b)
870 1127(d)
871 1127(c)
872(1) 1129(a)(1)
872(2) 1129(a)(7), (11)
872(3) 1129(a)(2)
872(4) 1129(a)(3)
872(5) 1129(a)(4)
873(1) 1141(a)
873(2) 1142(a)
873(3) Rep.
874 1141(c)
875 1142(b)
876 1141(d)(1)–(3)
877 Rep.
881, 882 1112(b)
883 348
884–886 Rep.
891(1) Rep.
891(2), (3) 330
892(1) 503(b)(3)
892(2) Rep.
892(3) 503(b)(4)
893(1) Rep.
893(2) 503(b)(4)
893(3) 330
893(4) 503(b)(4)
894–898 Rep.
906–909 Rep.
911 1144
916 108(c)
917 362
918(a) 1145(a)
918(b) 1145(b)
919 Rep.
920 346(j)(1)
921 1129(d)
922 346(j)(5)
923 Rep.
926 Rep.
1001, 1002 Rep.
1006(1) 101(4)
1006(2) 101(9)
1006(3) 101(12), 109(e)
1006(4) 101(11)
1006(5) Rep.
1006(6) 101(31)
1006(7) Rep.
1006(8) 101(24), 109(e)
1007 Rep.
1011, 1012 Rep.
1013(1) 365
1013(2) Rep.
1014 362
1015, 1016 Rep.
1021–1026 Rep.
1031 Rep.
1032, 1033 341
1033(1) 343, 501(a)
1033(2) 1321
1033(5) 1324
1036 1303
1037 Rep.
1041–1044 Rep.
1046(1) 1322(b)(1)
1046(2) 1322(b)(2)
1046(3) 1322(a)(2)
1046(4) 1322(a)(1)
1046(5) 1329(a)
1046(6) 1322(b)(7)
1046(7) 1322(b)(10)
1051 1325(a)(3)
1052 Rep.
1053 1323(a)
1054 1323(c)
1055 Rep.
1056(a)(1) 1325(a)(1)
1056(a)(2) 1325(a)(6)
1056(a)(3) Rep.
1056(a)(4) 1325(a)(3)
1056(b) 502(b)
1057 1327(a)
1058 Rep.
1059 1326(a)
1060 1328(a), (c), (d)
1061 1328(b)
1062 Rep.
1066 348, 1307
1067 348
1068, 1069 Rep.
1071 1330
1076 108(c)
1077–1079 Rep.
1080 1305(a)(1)
1086 Rep.
1101–1103 Rep.
1200–1255 Rep.
This Table lists the sections of revised Title 11, Bankruptcy, and indicates the sections of former Title 11, which covered similar and related subject matter.
Title 11 New Sections
Title 11 Former Sections
101(1)–(3)
101(4) 103, 401(1), 506(1), 707(2), 806(2), 1006(1)
101(5)–(7)
101(8) 1(8)
101(9) 1(11), 401(3), 506(4), 707(1), 806(5), 1062(2)
101(10)
101(11) 1(14), 401(5), 506(6), 707(2), 806(7), 1006(4)
101(12) 1(4), 401(8), 506(5), 706(3), 806(6), 1006(3)
101(13) 558
101(14)–(16)
101(17), (18) 1(17)
101(19)–(21)
101(22) T. 15 § 77ccc(7)
101(23) 506(8), 806(8)
101(24) 1(32), 1006(8)
101(25)
101(26) 1(19), 107(d)(1)(d)
101(27)
101(28) 401(6)
101(29) 404
101(30) 1(23), 401(7)
101(31) 1(24), 506(9), 706(5), 806(9), 1006(6)
101(32)
101(33) 205(m)
101(34) 1(27)
101(35) 506(11)
101(36), (37)
101(38) 1(29a)
101(39) T. 15 § 78c(a)(4), (5)
101(40) 1(30)
102(1)–(6)
102(7) 1(35)
102(8)
103, 104
105 11(a)(15)
106
107 77, 566
108(a), (b) 29(e)
108(c) 29(f), 661, 791, 1076
109(a) 11(a)(1)
109(b) 22
109(c) 404
109(d) 706(3), 806(6)
109(e) 1006(3), (8)
301 22(a), 41(f), 95(a)
302
303(a) 22(b)
303(b) 23(b), 95(b), (e), 526
303(c) 95(f)
303(d) 41(b), 536, 537
303(e) 109(a)
303(f)
303(g) 109(d)
303(h) 21
303(i) 11(a)(18), 19(b)
303(j) 95(g)
303(k)
304
305(a)(1)
305(a)(2) 11(a)(22)
305(b), (c)
306
321 73
322(a) 78(b)
322(b)(1) 78(c)
322(b)(2) 78(d), (f), (g)
322(c) 78(i)
322(d) 78(m)
323
324 11(a)(17), 560
325 74
326(a) 76(c)
326(b), (c)
326(d) 76(e)
327 557, 591
327(c) 72(c)
328
329 96(d)
330 76(c), 76a, 641(3), (4), 644(1), (3), 891(2), (3), 893(3)
331
341 91, 92, 734–736, 834–836, 1032, 1033
342 94
343 44(a), 25(a)(1), (10), 736(3), 836(3), 1033(1)
344 25(a)(10)
345 101, 75(a)(2)
346(a)–(i)
346(j)(1) 668, 795, 920
346(j)(2)–(4)
346(j)(5) 670, 796, 922
346(j)(6), (7)
347(a) 106(a)
347(b) 416(d), 605
348 638, 778, 843, 1066, 1067
349(a) 35(b)
349(b) 107(a)
350 11(a)(8)
361
362 29(a), 35(c)(4), 513, 516(4), 663, 714, 814, 828, 917, 1014
363 11(a)(7), 110(f), 516(3), 713(2), 813(2)
364 516(2), 744, 846
365 103(c), 110(b), 516(1), 713(1), 813(1), 1013(1)
366
501(a) 93(n), 596, 598, 736(2), 755a, 836(2), 851, 854, 1033(1)
501(b) 93(i)
501(c), (d)
502(a) 93(d)
502(b) 93(f), 1056(b)
502(b)(3) 108
502(b)(4) 104(a)(4)
502(b)(7) 103(a)(9), 602, 753, 858
502(c) 93(d)
502(d) 93(g)
502(e)–(i)
502(j) 93(k), 11(a)(2)
503(a)
503(b) 104(a)(1)
503(b)(2) 102(a)(1)
503(b)(3) 642(1), 643, 644(4), 892(1)
503(b)(4) 641(5), 642(3), 643, 644(2), (4), 739(2), 892(3), 893(2), (4)
503(b)(5) 642(1)
504 102(c)
505(a), (b) 11(a)(2A), 104(a)(4)
505(c)
506(a), (b) 93(h)
506(c), (d)
507 104(a)
507(a)(3) 104(a)(2)
508 105(d)
509 93(i)
510
521(1) 25(a)(8), (9)
521(2) 25(a)(3), (6), (7)
521(3) 25(a)(4), (5), (11)
521(4) 25(a)(1)
522 24
523(a)(1) 35(a)(1)
523(a)(2) 35(a)(2)
523(a)(3) 35(a)(3)
523(a)(4) 35(a)(4)
523(a)(5) 35(a)(7)
523(a)(6) 35(a)(8)
523(a)(7)–(9)
523(b) 35(b)
523(c) 35(c)
523(d)
524(a) 32(f)
524(b)–(d)
524(e) 34
525
541(a) 26, 110(a), 586
541(b) 110(a)(3)
541(c), (d)
541(e) 110(c)
542(a), (b)
542(c) 110(d)(2), (3)
542(d), (e)
543(a)
543(b), (c) 11(a)(21), 109(d)
543(d)
544(a) 110(c)
544(b) 110(e)
545 107(b), (c)
545(1) 107(c)(1)(A)
545(2) 107(c)(1)(B)
545(3), (4) 107(c)(1)(C)
546(a)
546(b) 107(c)(1)(B)
546(c)
547 96
547(b) 107(a)
547(c)(4) 96(c)
547(d) 107(a)
547(e)(1)(B) 96(a)(4)
548(a) 107(d)(2)
548(b) 107(d)(4)
548(c) 107(d)(6)
548(d)(1) 107(d)(5)
548(d)(2)
549(a) 110(d)(1)
549(b)
549(c) 44(g)
549(d)
550 96(b), 107(d)(3), (6)
551 96(b), 107(a)(3), (c)(2), (d)(6), 110(e)(2)
552
553 96(c), 108
554
701
702 72(a)
703(a) 74
703(b), (c)
704(1) 75(a)(1)
704(2) 75(a)(3), (5)
704(3) 75(a)(7)
704(4) 75(a)(8)
704(5) 75(a)(9)
704(6) 75(a)(10)
704(7)
704(8) 75(a)(13)
705 72(b)
706
707 95(g)
721 11(a)(5)
722
723 23(g)
724(a) 93(j)
724(b) 107(c)(3)
724(c), (d)
725
726(a)(1), (2)
726(a)(3) 93(n)
726(a)(4)–(6), (b), (c)
727(a)(1)
727(a)(2) 32(c)(1), (4)
727(a)(3) 32(c)(2)
727(a)(4) 32(c)(1), (3)
727(a)(5) 32(c)(7)
727(a)(6) 32(c)(6)
727(a)(7)
727(a)(8), (9) 32(c)(5)
727(a)(10) 32(a)
727(b)
727(c) 32(b)
727(d), (e) 33
728
741 96(e)(1)
742–744
745 96(e)(2)
746–748
749 96(e)(5)
750
751 96(e)(2)
752 96(e)(2), (3)
761–766
901 402(b)(1), (2), 405(b), (e), (h), 408(b), 409, 411, 412, 413, 414(a), 416(b), (d)
902(1)
902(2) 401(10)
902(3) 401(11)
902(4)
903 403
904 402(c)
921(a) 405(a)
921(b) 402(d)
921(c)–(f) 405(a)
922(a) 405(e)(1)
922(b)
923 405(d)
924 405(b)
925 408(a)
926 405(h)
927 418
941 410(a)
942 410(a), (b)
943(a) 413
943(b)(1)
943(b)(2) 414(b)(2)
943(b)(3) 414(b)(4)
943(b)(4) 414(b)(6)
943(b)(5), (6) 414(b)(1)
944(a) 415(a)
944(b) 415(b)(1)
944(c) 415(b)(2)
945(a) 416(e)
945(b)
946 417
1101(1)
1101(2) 629(a)
1102 738
1103(a) 739(2)
1103(b), (c)(1)
1103(c)(2) 739(1)(a)
1103(c)(3) 739(1)(b)–(e)
1103(c)(4)
1103(c)(5) 739(1)(f)
1103(d)
1104(a) 556, 832, 837(1)
1104(b) 568
1104(c) 560
1105 559
1106 587, 842
1106(a)(2) 564
1106(a)(3) 567(1)
1106(a)(4) 567(5)
1106(a)(4)(A) 567(3)
1106(a)(5) 569
1106(b) 568
1107(a) 563, 588, 742, 844
1107(b)
1108 589, 743, 845
1109 607
1109(a) 608
1109(b) 606
1110 516(5), (6)
1111 596, 851
1112(a)
1112(b) 636, 776, 777, 881, 882
1112(c)–(e)
1121 570
1122 597, 751, 852
1123(a)(1)
1123(a)(2) 616(6), 861(10)
1123(a)(3) 616(5), 861(9)
1123(a)(4)
1123(a)(5) 616(2), (10), 861(12)
1123(a)(6) 616(12)(a)
1123(a)(7) 616(11)
1123(b)(1) 616(1)
1123(b)(2) 616(4), 757(2), 861(4)
1123(b)(3) 616(13)
1123(b)(4) 616(2), 861(7)
1123(b)(5) 616(14), 757(8), 861(13)
1123(c)
1124 507, 708, 807
1125(a)
1125(b) 576
1125(c)
1125(d) 575
1125(e)
1126 579
1126(a) 599
1126(e) 603
1127 622, 763
1127(a) 869
1127(b) 629(c), 787(1), 869
1127(c) 765, 787(2), (3), 871
1127(d) 623, 764, 870
1128(a) 579, 735(3), 737(3), 835, 837(3)
1128(b) 580
1129(a)(1) 621(1), 766(1), 872(1)
1129(a)(2) 766(3), 872(3)
1129(a)(3) 621(3), 761, 766(4), 867, 872(4)
1129(a)(4) 621(4), 872(5)
1129(a)(5) 621(5)
1129(a)(6) 624(2)
1129(a)(7) 621(2), 766(2), 872(2)
1129(a)(8)
1129(a)(9) 737(2)
1129(a)(10)
1129(a)(11) 621(2), 766(2), 872(2)
1129(b), (c)
1129(d) 669, 921
1141(a) 624(1), 767(1), 873(1)
1141(b)
1141(c) 626, 874
1141(d)(1)–(3) 628(1), 771, 876
1141(d)(4) 32(a)
1142(a) 624(2), 873(2)
1142(b) 627, 875
1143 604
1144 786, 911
1145(a) 664(a), 793(a), 918(a)
1145(b) 664(b), 793(b), 918(b)
1145(c), (d)
1146(a), (b)
1146(c) 667
1146(d)
1161, 1162
1163 205(c)(1)
1164, 1165
1166 205(c)(2)
1167 205(n)
1168 205(j)
1169 205(c)(6)
1170 205(o)
1171(a) 205(n)
1171(b) 205(b)
1172 205(b)
1173 205(e)
1174
1301, 1302
1303 1036
1304
1305(a)(1) 1080
1305(a)(2), (b), (c)
1306
1307 1066
1321 1033(2)
1322(a)(1) 1046(4)
1322(a)(2) 1046(3)
1322(a)(3)
1322(b)(1) 1046(1)
1322(b)(2) 1046(2)
1322(b)(3)–(6)
1322(b)(7) 1046(6)
1322(b)(8), (9)
1322(b)(10) 1046(7)
1322(c)
1323(a) 1053
1323(b)
1323(c) 1054
1324 1033(5)
1325(a)(1) 1056(a)(1)
1325(a)(2)
1325(a)(3) 1051, 1056(a)(4)
1325(a)(4), (5)
1325(a)(6) 1056(a)(2)
1325(b)
1326(a) 1059
1326(b)
1327(a) 1057
1327(b), (c)
1328(a) 1060
1328(b) 1061
1328(c), (d) 1060
1328(e) 33
1329(a) 1046(5)
1329(b), (c)
1330 1071
1501–151326
Pub. L. 95–598, title I, § 101, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2549, provided in part: "The law relating to bankruptcy is codified and enacted as title 11 of the United States Code, entitled `Bankruptcy’, and may be cited as 11 U.S.C. § —."
Pub. L. 95–598, title IV, § 401(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2682, provided that: "The Bankruptcy Act [act July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, as amended] is repealed."
Pub. L. 95–598, title IV, § 402, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2682, as amended by Pub. L. 98–249, § 1(a), Mar. 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 116; Pub. L. 98–271, § 1(a), Apr. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 163; Pub. L. 98–299, § 1(a), May 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 98–325, § 1(a), June 20, 1984, 98 Stat. 268; Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §§ 113, 121(a), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 343, 345; Pub. L. 98–454, title X, § 1001, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1745, provided that:
"(a) Except as otherwise provided in this title [sections 401 to 411], this Act [for classification to the Code, see Tables] shall take effect on October 1, 1979.
"(b) Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, the amendments made by title II [sections 201 to 252] of this Act shall not be effective.
"(c) The amendments made by sections 210, 214, 219, 220, 222, 224, 225, 228, 229, 235, 244, 245, 246, 249, and 251 of this Act shall take effect on October 1, 1979.
"(d) The amendments made by sections 217, 218, 230, 247, 302, 314(j), 317, 327, 328, 338, and 411 of this Act shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1978].
"(e) [Repealed. Pub. L. 98–454, title X, § 1001, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1745]."
[Amendment of section 402(b) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out above, by section 113 of Pub. L. 98–353 effective June 27, 1984, see section 122(c) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.]
Pub. L. 95–598, title IV, § 403, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2683, as amended by Pub. L. 98–353, title III, § 382, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 364, provided that:
"(a) A case commenced under the Bankruptcy Act, [act July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, as amended], and all matters and proceedings in or relating to any such case, shall be conducted and determined under such Act as if this Act had not been enacted, and the substantive rights of parties in connection with any such bankruptcy case, matter, or proceeding shall continue to be governed by the law applicable to such case, matter, or proceeding as if the [this] Act had not been enacted.
"(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, sections 1165, 1167, 1168, 1169, and 1171 of title 11 of the United States Code, as enacted by section 101 of this Act, apply to cases pending under section 77 of the Bankruptcy Act ([former] 11 U.S.C. 205) on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1978] in which the trustee has not filed a plan of reorganization.
"(c) The repeal [of the Bankruptcy Act] made by section 401(a) of this Act does not affect any right of a referee in bankruptcy, United States bankruptcy judge, or survivor of a referee in bankruptcy or United States bankruptcy judge to receive any annuity or other payment under the civil service retirement laws.
"(d) The amendments made by section 314 of this Act [for classification to the Code, see Tables] do not affect the application of chapter 9, chapter 96, section 2516, section 3057, or section 3284 of title 18 of the United States Code to any act of any person—
"(1) committed before October 1, 1979; or
"(2) committed after October 1, 1979, in connection with a case commenced before such date.
"(e) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section—
"(1) a fee may not be charged under section 40c(2)(a) of the Bankruptcy Act [former 11 U.S.C. 68(c)(2)(a)] in a case pending under such Act after September 30, 1979, to the extent that such fee exceeds $200,000;
"(2) a fee may not be charged under section 40c(2)(b) of the Bankruptcy Act in a case in which the plan is confirmed after September 30, 1978, or in which the final determination as to the amount of such fee is made after September 30, 1979, notwithstanding an earlier confirmation date, to the extent that such fee exceeds $100,000;
"(3) after September 30, 1979, all moneys collected for payment into the referees’ salary and expense fund in cases filed under the Bankruptcy Act shall be collected and paid into the general fund of the Treasury; and
"(4) any balance in the referees’ salary and expense fund in the Treasury on October 1, 1979, shall be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury and the referees’ salary and expense fund account shall be closed."
Pub. L. 98–353, title III, § 381, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 364, provided that: "This subtitle [(§§ 381, 382) amending section 403(e) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out above] may be cited as the `Referees Salary and Expense Fund Act of 1984’."
History of Bankruptcy Acts
The bankruptcy laws were revised generally and enacted as Title 11, Bankruptcy, by Pub. L. 96–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2549.
Earlier bankruptcy laws included the following acts:
Apr. 4, 1800, ch. 19, 2 Stat. 19, repealed Dec. 19, 1803, ch. 6, 2 Stat. 248.
Aug. 19, 1841, ch. 9, 5 Stat. 440, repealed Mar. 3, 1843, ch. 82, 5 Stat. 614.
Mar. 2, 1867, ch. 176, 14 Stat. 517, the provisions of which were incorporated in Rev. Stat. Title LXI, §§ 4972 to 5132, were materially amended June 22, 1874, ch. 390, 18 Stat. 178, and were repealed June 7, 1878, ch. 160, 20 Stat. 99.
The Bankruptcy Act of July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, as amended, sometimes called the Nelson Act, repealed by Pub. L. 95–598.
The Chandler Act of July 22, 1938, ch. 575, 52 Stat. 883, which revised the Bankruptcy Act generally and materially amended the provisions covering corporate reorganizations, repealed by Pub. L. 95–598.
National Bankruptcy Review Commission
Pub. L. 103–394, title VI, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4147, provided that:
"SEC. 601. SHORT TITLE.
"This title may be cited as the `National Bankruptcy Review Commission Act’.
"SEC. 602. ESTABLISHMENT.
"There is established the National Bankruptcy Review Commission (referred to as the `Commission’).
"SEC. 603. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION.
"The duties of the Commission are—
"(1) to investigate and study issues and problems relating to title 11, United States Code (commonly known as the `Bankruptcy Code’);
"(2) to evaluate the advisability of proposals and current arrangements with respect to such issues and problems;
"(3) to prepare and submit to the Congress, the Chief Justice, and the President a report in accordance with section 608; and
"(4) to solicit divergent views of all parties concerned with the operation of the bankruptcy system.
"SEC. 604. MEMBERSHIP.
"(a) Number and Appointment.—The Commission shall be composed of 9 members as follows:
"(1) Three members appointed by the President, 1 of whom shall be designated as chairman by the President.
"(2) One member shall be appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate.
"(3) One member shall be appointed by the Minority Leader of the Senate.
"(4) One member shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
"(5) One member shall be appointed by the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives.
"(6) Two members appointed by the Chief Justice.
Members of Congress, and officers and employees of the executive branch, shall be ineligible for appointment to the Commission.
"(b) Term.—Members of the Commission shall be appointed for the life of the Commission.
"(c) Quorum.—Five members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may conduct meetings.
"(d) Appointment Deadline.—The first appointments made under subsection (a) shall be made within 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1994].
"(e) First Meeting.—The first meeting of the Commission shall be called by the chairman and shall be held within 210 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
"(f) Vacancy.—A vacancy on the Commission resulting from the death or resignation of a member shall not affect its powers and shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made.
"(g) Continuation of Membership.—If any member of the Commission who was appointed to the Commission as an officer or employee of a government leaves that office, or if any member of the Commission who was not appointed in such a capacity becomes an officer or employee of a government, the member may continue as a member of the Commission for not longer than the 90-day period beginning on the date the member leaves that office or becomes such an officer or employee, as the case may be.
"(h) Consultation Prior to Appointment.—Prior to the appointment of members of the Commission, the President, the President pro tempore of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the Chief Justice shall consult with each other to ensure fair and equitable representation of various points of view in the Commission and its staff.
"SEC. 605. COMPENSATION OF THE COMMISSION.
"(a) Pay.—
"(1) Nongovernment employees.—Each member of the Commission who is not otherwise employed by the United States Government shall be entitled to receive the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each day (including travel time) during which he or she is engaged in the actual performance of duties as a member of the Commission.
"(2) Government employees.—A member of the Commission who is an officer or employee of the United States Government shall serve without additional compensation.
"(b) Travel.—Members of the Commission shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties.
"SEC. 606. STAFF OF COMMISSION; EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.
"(a) Staff.—
"(1) Appointment.—The chairman of the Commission may, without regard to the civil service laws and regulations, appoint, and terminate an executive director and such other personnel as are necessary to enable the Commission to perform its duties. The employment of an executive director shall be subject to confirmation by the Commission.
"(2) Compensation.—The chairman of the Commission may fix the compensation of the executive director and other personnel without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of positions and General Schedule pay rates, except that the rate of pay for the executive director and other personnel may not exceed the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of that title.
"(b) Experts and Consultants.—The Commission may procure temporary and intermittent services of experts and consultants under section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code.
"SEC. 607. POWERS OF THE COMMISSION.
"(a) Hearings and Meetings.—The Commission or, on authorization of the Commission, a member of the Commission, may hold such hearings, sit and act at such time and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence, as the Commission considers appropriate. The Commission or a member of the Commission may administer oaths or affirmations to witnesses appearing before it.
"(b) Official Data.—The Commission may secure directly from any Federal department, agency, or court information necessary to enable it to carry out this title. Upon request of the chairman of the Commission, the head of a Federal department or agency or chief judge of a Federal court shall furnish such information, consistent with law, to the Commission.
"(c) Facilities and Support Services.—The Administrator of General Services shall provide to the Commission on a reimbursable basis such facilities and support services as the Commission may request. Upon request of the Commission, the head of a Federal department or agency may make any of the facilities or services of the agency available to the Commission to assist the Commission in carrying out its duties under this title.
"(d) Expenditures and Contracts.—The Commission or, on authorization of the Commission, a member of the Commission may make expenditures and enter into contracts for the procurement of such supplies, services, and property as the Commission or member considers appropriate for the purposes of carrying out the duties of the Commission. Such expenditures and contracts may be made only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts.
"(e) Mails.—The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other Federal departments and agencies of the United States.
"(f) Gifts.—The Commission may accept, use, and dispose of gifts or donations of services or property.
"SEC. 608. REPORT.
"The Commission shall submit to the Congress, the Chief Justice, and the President a report not later than 2 years after the date of its first meeting. The report shall contain a detailed statement of the findings and conclusions of the Commission, together with its recommendations for such legislative or administrative action as it considers appropriate.
"SEC. 609. TERMINATION.
"The Commission shall cease to exist on the date that is 30 days after the date on which it submits its report under section 608.
"SEC. 610. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
"There is authorized to be appropriated $1,500,000 to carry out this title."
Commission on the Bankruptcy Laws of the United States
Pub. L. 91–354, §§ 1–6, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 468, as amended by Pub. L. 92–251, Mar. 17, 1972, 86 Stat. 63; Pub. L. 93–56, § 1, July 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 140, established the Commission on the Bankruptcy Laws of the United States, to study and recommend changes to this title, which ceased to exist 30 days after the date of submission of its final report which was required prior to July 31, 1973.
Title Referred to in Other Sections
This title is referred to in title 7 sections 12, 24; title 8 section 1154; title 10 sections 1151, 2005, 2130a, 2200a; title 12 sections 339a, 624, 1150, 1467a, 1787, 1817, 1821; title 15 sections 77c, 77ccc, 78eee, 78fff, 78fff–1, 78fff–2, 78fff–4, 78lll, 79k, 80a–2, 80a–25, 80b–2, 1681c, 1870; title 17 section 201; title 18 sections 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 1961, 2516, 3284, 3613; title 19 section 1485; title 20 sections 1087–3, 9305; title 25 sections 1613a, 1616a; title 26 sections 108, 351, 355, 368, 382, 401, 422, 542, 856, 1017, 1361, 1398, 1399, 3302, 4980B, 6012, 6036, 6103, 6161, 6212, 6213, 6229, 6255, 6327, 6503, 6512, 6532, 6658, 6871, 6872, 7437, 7464, 7508; title 28 sections 156, 157, 158, 526, 586, 1334, 1408, 1409, 1411, 1412, 1930, 2075, 3003; title 29 sections 152, 402, 1054, 1163, 1341, 1343, 1362, 1368, 1391, 1402, 1405, 1413; title 30 section 934; title 31 section 3713; title 33 sections 511, 2716; title 37 sections 301b, 301d, 301e, 302, 302b, 302d, 302e, 302g, 302h, 308e, 308f, 308g, 308h, 308i, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 321, 322; title 38 sections 3732, 7634; title 40 section 316; title 41 section 41; title 42 sections 254o, 292f, 292o, 294f, 300ff–76, 656, 1473, 2000e, 3602, 6924, 6991b, 6991c, 9602, 9608; title 43 sections 617p, 1606, 1636; title 45 sections 701, 791, 912, 1007; title 48 sections 1424–4, 1614, 1821; title 49 section 14301.