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U.S. Code, Title 5, Government Organization and Employees
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General SummaryThe U.S. Code is a consolidation and codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States. While every effort has been made to ensure that this reproduction of the Code is accurate, those using it for legal purposes should verify their results against the printed version of the Code available through the Government Printing Office.
Title 5—Government Organization and Employees
This title was enacted by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378
Part Sec.
I. The Agencies Generally 101
II. Civil Service Functions and Responsibilities 1101
III. Employees 2101
1979—Pub. L. 96–54, § 2(a)(1), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381, substituted "Civil Service Functions and Responsibilities" for "The United States Civil Service Commission" in item for part II.
Table Showing Disposition of All Sections of Former Title 5
Title 5 Former Sections
Title 5 New Sections
1, 2 101
3 Rep.
4 3345
5 3346
6 3347
7 3348
8 3349
9 5535
10 2901
11, 12 2902
13–14a, 15 Rep.
16 3331
16a 2903, 2904
17, 17a Rep.
17b, 17c 2905
18 2903
19 Rep.
20 2904
21 2906
21a 3332
21b 5507
22 301
22–1 (less 3d–5th provisos) 7532
22–1 (3d proviso) 3571, 5594
22–1 (4th and 5th provisos) 7312
22–2 7533
22–3 7531
22a 302
23–26c Rep.
27 6106
28 6105
29, 29a, 30 to 30b–1, 30c to 30e–1, 30f–30m Rep.
30n 6322
30n–1 T. 28 § 1823
30o 5537
30p 5515
30q 6321
30r(a) 6323
30r(b) 3551
30r(c) 502, 5534
30r(d) 2105
31–31b, 32 Rep.
33 7154
34–35a, 36–37a Rep.
38 3341
39, 40 3342
41 T. 14 § 632
42, 42a Rep.
43 3101
43a 3102
44 T. 31 § 492–1 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
45 Rep.
46 3103
46a 5511
46b 5513
46c T. 31 § 699a (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
46d, 46e 5514
47 3103; T. 18 § 1916
47a 8301; T. 10 § 1221
48 T. 28 § 514
49 3106
50 5501; T. 18 § 1916
51 5536
52 5502
53 3108
54 3107
55 Rep.
55a 3109
56 5503
57–59c Rep.
60 T. 2 § 162
61 D.C. Code, § 31–1009
61a 5552
61a–1(a), (f) 5534a
61a–1(b)–(e) Rep.
61b (1st, 2d sentences) 5551
61b (3d–5th sentences) 6306
61b (6th sentence) 5551
61c–61e Rep.
61f 5582
61g 5581
61h 5583
61i 5581
61j 5582
61k 5581
62–64a Rep.
65 T. 2 § 162
66 T. 18 § 1914
67 T. 7 § 2220
68 T. 8 § 1353c
69 5535, 5536
70 5536
70a, 70b 5945
70c 5942
71 5536
72 5535
73, 73a Rep.
73b 5731
73b–1(a), (b) 5724
73b–1(c) 5730
73b–1(d) 5725
73b–1(e) 5726
73b–1(f) 5727
73b–2 5703
73b–3(a) (less 3d–6th provisos) 5722
73b–3(a) (3d, 4th provisos) 5728
73b–3(a) (5th, 6th provisos) 5729
73b–3 (less (a)) 5723
73b–4 T. 41 § 5a
73b–4a, 73b–4b 5724a
73b–4c 5726
73b–4d 5724
73b–4e 5724a
73b–4f 5724
73b–5 5732
73c 5727
73c–1, 73c–2, 73d Rep.
73e 5731
73f, 74–75a Rep.
75a–1 Elim.
75b–75d, 76 Rep.
76a T. 20 § 244a
77, 77a Rep.
78, 78a, 78a–1, 79, 80 T. 31 §§ 638a–638e (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
81, 81a Rep.
82 5512
83 5946
84 5505
84a T. 4 § 111
84b, 84c 5517
84d 5518
85 5502
86 Rep.
86a 6104
87–87c 6103
88 T. 31 § 554 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
89 Rep.
90 T. 28 § 414
91 T. 28 § 520
92 Rep.
92a 2903
93 303
93a Rep.
94 304
95, 95a 503
96 304
97, 98 Rep.
99, 100 Rep. See T. 18 § 207.
101 501
102 Rep.
103 5741
103a, 103b 5742
104 T. 31 § 492–2 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
104a, 105 Rep.
105a 2954
106 2952
107 Rep.
108 T. 44 § 121 (See Rev. T. 44 Table)
109 Rep.
110 T. 40 § 484–1
111, 112 Rep.
113 7351
114 7341
114a 7342 note
115, 115a 7341
116 Elim.
116a, 117 Rep.
118 T. 31 § 686–2 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
118a 5912
118b T. 31 § 530a (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
118c 5943
118c–1 to 118e Rep.
118f 5944
118g 7903
118h 5941
118i(a) (1st 4 sentences) 7324
118i(a) (5th sentence) 7327
118i(b) (less last proviso, and less last sentence) 7325
118i(b) (last proviso, last sentence) Elim.
118i(c) 1308
118j, 118j–1 Rep.
118k(a) 1501, 1502
118k(b) 1504, 1505, 1506
118k(c) 1508
118k(d) 1302, 1507
118k(e), (f) 1501
118k–1 1501, 7324
118k–2 1501
118k–3 7324
118l 1501, 7324
118m 7327
118n 1503, 7326
118o 7323
118p 7311
118q 3333
118r T. 18 § 1918
119–123 Elim.
124–131a, 132–133r Rep.
133s, 133t Elim.
133u, 133v Rep.
133w Elim.
133x to 133y–16 Rep.
133z 901
133z–1 903
133z–2 904
133z–3 905
133z–4 906
133z–5, 133z–6 902
133z–7, 133z–8 907
133z–9 906
133z–10 908
133z–11 to 133z–15 909–913
134 T. 40 § 721
134a T. 40 § 722
134b T. 40 § 723
134b–1 T. 40 § 724
134b–2 T. 40 § 725
134c T. 40 § 726
134d T. 40 § 727
134e T. 40 § 728
134f T. 40 § 729
134g, 134h T. 40 § 721 note
135–138j Rep.
139–139f T. 44 §§ 421–427 (See Rev. T. 44 Table)
140, 140a T. 31 §§ 483a, 483b (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
141–149 Rep.
150 7901
150e–150i T. 10 § 2575
150j T. 10 §§ 4712, 9712
150j–1 to 150j–3 T. 10 §§ 4713, 9713
150k 2105
150k–1(a) 8171
150k–1(b) 8172
150k–1(c) 8173
150m–150o T. 10 § 2541
150p T. 10 § 2572
150q–150t T. 10 § 2601
151 T. 22 § 2651
151a T. 22 § 2652
151b T. 22 § 2653
151c T. 22 § 2658
151d to 152–1 Rep.
152a T. 22 § 2654
152b T. 22 § 2655
152c, 152d, 153 Rep.
153a T. 22 § 2663
154 T. 22 § 2664
154a Rep.
155 T. 22 § 2665
156 T. 22 § 2656
157 Rep.
158 T. 22 § 2657
159, 160 Rep.
161 T. 22 § 2659
162–164 Rep.
165 T. 22 § 2660
166–168d Rep.
169 T. 22 § 2661
170 T. 22 § 2668
170a T. 22 § 2681
170b T. 22 § 2682
170c T. 22 § 2683
170d Rep.
170e T. 22 § 2666
170e–1 T. 22 § 2667
170f T. 22 § 2662
170g T. 22 § 2669
170h T. 22 § 2670
170i T. 22 § 2671
170j T. 22 § 2672
170k T. 22 § 2673
170l T. 22 § 2674
170m T. 22 § 2675
170n T. 22 § 2676
170o T. 22 § 2677
170p T. 22 § 2678
170q T. 22 § 2679
170r, 170s Rep.
170t T. 22 § 2680
170u T. 22 § 2684
171 T. 10 §§ 131, 133
171–1 T. 50 § 408
171–2 T. 50 § 409
171a(a), (b) T. 10 § 133
171a(c) T. 10 §§ 125, 136, 141, 3010, 3012, 5011, 5031, 8010, 8012
171a(d) T. 10 § 133
171a(e) T. 10 § 132
171a(f) T. 10 § 133
171a(g)–(i) Elim.
171a(j) T. 10 § 124
171a–1 T. 10 § 133
171b Rep.
171c T. 10 §§ 134–136, 718, 2358
171c–1, 171c–2, 171d to 171d–2 Rep.
171e T. 10 § 171
171f T. 10 §§ 141, 142
171g T. 10 § 143
171h, 171i Rep.
171j T. 10 § 173
171j–1 to 171l Rep.
171m T. 50 § 411
171m–1 T. 10 § 2211
171n T. 50 § 410
171o Rep.
171p, 171q T. 10 § 1581
171r T. 10 § 1582
171s T. 10 §§ 3230, 5416, 8230
171s–1 T. 31 § 700 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
171t T. 10 § 2571
171u Rep.
171v T. 10 § 1583
171w T. 10 § 2385
171x, 171y Rep.
171y–1 T. 10 §§ 3205, 5417, 8205
171z T. 10 § 2661
171z–1 T. 10 § 2681
171z–2 T. 31 § 700a (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
171z–3 to 171z–5 T. 10 §§ 2673–2675
172 T. 10 § 136
172a T. 10 §§ 3014, 5061, 8014
172b, 172c T. 10 §§ 2203, 2204
172d T. 10 § 2208
172d–1 T. 10 § 2210
172e T. 10 § 2209
172f T. 10 § 126
172g, 172h T. 10 §§ 2205, 2206
172i T. 10 § 2701
172j T. 50 § 412
173 T. 10 § 2451
173a Rep.
173b T. 10 § 2451
173c–173e T. 10 §§ 2452–2454
173f–173h T. 10 § 2455
173i T. 10 § 2456
174 T. 31 § 650a (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
174a T. 37 § 412
174b T. 10 § 2666
174c Elim.
174d T. 10 § 2207
174e T. 10 § 2387
174f Elim.
174g T. 31 § 638f (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
174h Elim.
174i T. 31 § 700b (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
181 T. 10 § 3012
181–1(a) T. 10 § 3012
181–1(b) Elim.
181–1(c) T. 10 § 101(5); T. 50 § 409(a)
181–1(d) T. 10 § 3011
181–1(e) T. 10 § 3062
181–2 T. 10 § 3012
181–3 T. 10 § 3001
181–4 T. 10 §§ 3012, 4532
181–5 T. 10 §§ 3013, 3017
181a, 182, 182a, 183, 184 Rep.
185–187 T. 10 § 3016
187a, 188, 189 Rep.
189a T. 10 §§ 4025, 9025
189b Rep.
189c T. 10 § 2632
189d Rep.
190 T. 10 § 3012
191 T. 10 § 4831
191a T. 10 § 1552
192, 192a, 193–194a, 195–197 Rep.
198 T. 10 § 4714
199 T. 10 §§ 3693, 8693
200 T. 10 § 1551
201 Rep.
202 T. 10 §§ 4565, 9565
203–207i, 208–213 Rep.
214 Elim.
215–216a, 217 Rep.
218 T. 10 § 2381
219–219b, 220 Rep.
221 T. 10 §§ 4540, 9540
222 T. 31 § 649a (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
223 Rep.
224 T. 22 § 276aa
225 T. 22 § 276bb
226 T. 22 § 276cc
227 T. 22 § 276dd
228 T. 22 § 276ee
229–232 Rep.
233–233c (See former 150q–150t)
234–234f Rep.
235 T. 10 § 4531
235a T. 10 § 4503
235b T. 10 § 174
235c T. 10 § 1584
235d T. 10 § 2352
235e T. 10 §§ 2353, 2357
235f, 235g T. 10 §§ 2354, 2355
235h T. 10 §§ 174, 2356
241–245 T. 31 §§ 1001–1005 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
245a Rep. and Elim.
246 T. 31 § 1006 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
246a Rep.
247–248a T. 31 §§ 1007–1009 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
248b Rep.
248c–248e T. 31 §§ 1010, 1011, 1013 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
249, 249a Rep.
249b, 250 T. 31 §§ 1014, 1015 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
251 Rep.
252–258a, 259–265 T. 31 §§ 1016–1030 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
266–269 Rep.
270, 271 Elim.
272–274 Rep.
275 T. 10 § 1552
276 Rep.
277 T. 31 § 1031 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
281 T. 19 § 2071
281a T. 19 § 2072
281b T. 19 § 2073
281c T. 21 § 163
281d, 281e Rep.
281f T. 19 § 2072
281g T. 19 § 2074
282 T. 21 § 161
282a T. 21 § 162
282b T. 21 § 164
282c T. 21 § 165
291 T. 28 §§ 501, 503
292 T. 28 § 502
293 T. 28 § 505
293a Rep.
294 T. 28 § 504
295, 295–1 T. 28 § 506
295a Rep.
295b Rep. and Elim.
296 Rep.
297 Rep. and Elim.
297a Rep.
298 T. 28 § 543
298a 5108
299 T. 28 § 533
300 T. 28 §§ 533, 534
300a T. 18 §§ 3052, 3107
300b T. 31 § 224b (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
300c, 300c–1 Rep.
300d T. 28 § 536
300e–302 Rep.
303, 304 T. 28 §§ 511, 512
305 T. 28 § 521; T. 44 § 296a (See Rev. T. 44 Table)
306 T. 28 § 516
306a Rep.
307 T. 28 § 513
308 Rep.
309 T. 28 § 518
310 T. 28 § 515
311 Rep.
311a T. 28 § 535
312 T. 28 §§ 543, 547, 548
313 T. 28 § 514
314 3106
315 T. 28 § 515
316 T. 28 § 517
317 T. 28 §§ 547, 569
318 T. 28 §§ 549, 569
319 T. 28 § 523
320, 321 Rep.
322 T. 31 § 1010 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
323, 324 T. 28 § 547
325 T. 31 § 1012 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
326 T. 31 § 1011 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
327 T. 28 § 547
328 T. 31 § 1013 (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
329 T. 28 §§ 547, 569
330, 331 T. 28 § 547
332 Rep. See Fed. Rules Civ. Proc. rule 2.
333 T. 28 § 522
334–339 Rep.
340 T. 28 § 534
341 T. 28 § 524
341a T. 28 § 568
341b T. 28 § 526
341c T. 28 §§ 536, 537
341d T. 8 § 1555
341e T. 28 § 525
341f T. 18 § 4010
341g T. 18 § 4011
341h T. 42 § 250a
342 T. 8 § 1551
342a Elim.
342b T. 8 § 1552
342b–1 T. 8 § 1553
342c T. 8 § 1353a
342d T. 8 § 1353b
342e T. 8 § 1353d
342f Rep.
342g T. 8 § 1554
342h–342k Elim.
342l T. 8 § 1557
361 Rep. See T. 39 §§ 201, 203.
362 Rep. See T. 39 § 207.
363, 363a, 364 Rep. See T. 39 § 204.
364–1(a) Rep. See T. 39 §§ 204, 401.
364–1(b), 364a, 364b Rep.
365 Rep. See T. 39 § 1011.
366 Rep. See T. 39 § 401.
367 Rep. See T. 39 § 2201.
368 Rep.
369 Rep. See T. 39 §§ 202, 401, 403, 404.
370 Rep. See T. 39 §§ 1001, 1006.
371 Rep.
372, 373 Rep. See T. 39 § 407.
374 Rep. See T. 39 § 2202.
375 Rep. See T. 39 § 407.
376 Rep.
377 Rep. See T. 39 § 401.
378–382 Rep.
383, 384 Rep. See T. 39 § 2601.
385–388 Rep.
389 Rep. See T. 39 § 5213.
390, 391 Rep.
392 Rep. See T. 39 § 2603.
393 Rep. See T. 39 § 401.
411 T. 10 § 5031
411a(a) T. 10 § 101(5); T. 50 § 409(b)
411a(b) T. 10 § 5012
411a(c) T. 10 §§ 5013, 5402
411b, 412 T. 10 § 5031
412a T. 10 §§ 6952, 7202–7211, 7214, 7215, 7218, 7301, 7472, 7478, 7571, 7572, 7576, 7578, 7579
412b T. 10 § 2381
413 T. 10 § 5031
414, 415, 415a Rep.
415b T. 10 § 7473
415c T. 10 § 7472
415d T. 10 § 2632
415e, 416, 417 Rep.
418 T. 10 § 7216
419 T. 10 § 7221
419a T. 10 § 7220
419b T. 10 § 7222
419c T. 10 § 7202
420, 420a, 421 T. 10 § 5034
421a Rep.
421a–1 T. 10 §§ 5034, 5036
421b T. 10 §§ 5033, 5036
421c T. 10 § 7211
421d T. 10 § 7204
421e T. 10 §§ 7203, 7205
421f T. 10 §§ 7207–7209
421g T. 10 §§ 6081, 7204, 7205, 7211, 7214, 7218, 7571, 7572, 7576, 7579
422, 422a, 423 Rep.
423a T. 10 §§ 5081, 5082, 5111
423b T. 10 § 5081
423c–423f T. 10 §§ 5085–5088
423g, 423h T. 10 §§ 5111, 5112
423i T. 10 § 5082
423j T. 10 § 5036
423k T. 10 §§ 5085, 5086, 5088, 5111
424 T. 10 § 5081
425 Rep.
425a T. 10 §§ 5083, 5133, 5148, 5201
426, 426a Rep.
427 T. 10 § 5081
427a T. 10 § 5084
428 T. 10 § 5148
429 T. 10 §§ 5131, 5132
430 T. 10 § 5132
430a T. 10 § 7303
430b T. 10 § 5132
431 T. 10 § 5132
432 T. 10 §§ 5137, 5141, 5146, 5147
432a T. 10 § 5135
433 T. 10 § 5147
434 T. 10 §§ 5141, 5144
435 T. 10 § 5145
436 Rep.
437 T. 10 § 5146
438 T. 10 § 5137
439 T. 10 §§ 5133, 5136
440 T. 10 §§ 5137, 5146
441 T. 10 §§ 5133, 5148
441a T. 10 § 5133
442, 443 Rep.
444 T. 10 § 5149
445 T. 10 §§ 5135, 5147
446 T. 10 §§ 5135, 5141
447 T. 10 §§ 5135, 5144
448 T. 10 § 5145
448a T. 10 § 5135
448b T. 10 § 5145
449 T. 10 §§ 5135, 5146
450 Rep.
451 T. 10 § 5137
452 T. 10 §§ 5134–5136
453 T. 10 § 5149
454 Rep.
455 T. 10 § 5132
456 Rep.
456a T. 10 § 1552
456b, 456c T. 10 § 5138
456d T. 10 § 6029
457 T. 10 § 7391
457a, 457b Rep.
458 T. 10 §§ 7392, 7394
458a T. 10 § 7393
459 T. 10 § 7394
460, 460a Rep.
461 T. 10 § 7395
462 Rep.
463 T. 10 § 7395
464 T. 10 § 7396
465 Rep.
466 T. 10 § 7217
467, 468, 468a, 469, 470 Rep.
471 T. 10 §§ 5063, 5064
475 T. 10 §§ 5150, 5151
475a, 475b T. 10 § 5150
475c T. 10 § 5153
475d T. 10 §§ 5151, 5152
475e T. 10 § 7522
475f Rep.
475g T. 10 § 174
475h T. 10 § 1584
475i T. 10 § 2352
475j T. 10 §§ 2353, 2357
475k, 475l T. 10 §§ 2354, 2355
475m T. 10 §§ 174, 2356
476, 476a, 476b T. 10 §§ 1581, 1582
477–477c (See former 150q–150t)
481 T. 43 § 1451
481a T. 43 § 1452
482 T. 43 § 1453
482a Rep.
483 T. 43 § 1454
483–1 Rep. and Elim.
483–2 Rep.
483a T. 43 § 1455
484 T. 43 § 1456
485 T. 43 § 1457
486 T. 43 § 1458
487 T. 43 § 1459
488 T. 43 § 1460
489 T. 43 § 1461
490 Rep. See T. 28 § 1733.
491 T. 43 § 1462
492 T. 43 § 1463
493 T. 43 § 1464
494 Rep.
495 T. 43 § 1465
496, 496a, 497 Rep.
498 T. 43 § 1466
499, 500 Rep.
501 Elim.
502 T. 43 § 1467
503 T. 43 § 1468
511 T. 7 § 2201
512 T. 7 § 2202
513 T. 7 § 2203
514 T. 7 § 2204
514a T. 7 § 2210
514b T. 7 § 2211
514c Rep.
514d (1st, 3d pars.) Rep.
514d (2d par.) 3101
515 T. 7 § 2205
516 T. 7 § 2206
516a T. 7 § 450c
516b (less 3d sentence) T. 7 § 450d
516b (3d sentence) 5109
516c T. 7 § 450e
516d T. 7 § 450f
516e T. 7 § 450g
517 T. 7 § 2212
517a Rep.
517b T. 7 § 2213
517c Rep.
518 Elim.
518a T. 7 § 2214
519 T. 7 § 2215
520 T. 7 § 2216
520a T. 7 § 2232
521 T. 7 § 2217
522 T. 7 § 2218
523–527 Rep.
528 T. 7 § 2219
529 Rep.
530 T. 7 § 2221
531 T. 7 § 2222
532 T. 7 § 2223
533 T. 7 § 2224
534–537 Rep.
538 T. 7 § 2227
539–541b Rep.
541c T. 7 § 2233
541d T. 7 § 2228
541e T. 7 § 2229
542 T. 7 § 2234
542–1 T. 7 § 2235
542–2 T. 7 § 2236
542a T. 7 § 2237
542b T. 7 § 2238
542c T. 7 § 2239
543 T. 7 § 2240
543a T. 7 § 2230
543b T. 7 § 2231
544–548 Rep.
549 T. 7 § 2241
550 Rep.
551 T. 7 § 2242
552 T. 7 § 2243
552a T. 7 § 2244
553 T. 7 § 2245
554 T. 7 § 2246
555 T. 7 § 2247
556, 556a Rep.
556b T. 7 § 2248
557 T. 7 § 2207
557a T. 7 § 2208
558 T. 7 § 2209
558a, 559–562 Rep.
563 T. 7 § 450b
564 T. 7 § 2220
564a T. 7 § 2249
565 Rep.
565a T. 7 § 2250
565b T. 7 § 2250a
566 T. 7 § 2251
567 T. 7 § 2253
568 Rep.
568a T. 7 § 2254
568b Rep.
569 T. 7 § 2252
570 T. 7 § 2255
571 T. 7 § 2256
572 T. 7 § 2257
573 T. 7 § 2258
574 T. 7 § 2225
574a T. 7 § 2226
575 T. 7 § 2259
576 T. 7 § 2260
577 T. 7 § 2261
578 T. 7 § 2262
579 T. 7 § 2263
591 T. 15 § 1501
591a T. 15 § 1502
591b T. 15 § 1503
592 T. 15 § 1504
592a T. 15 § 1505
592a–1, 592a–2 Rep.
592a–3 T. 15 § 1506
592a–4 T. 15 § 1507
592b T. 15 § 1508
592c, 592d, 593 Rep.
593a T. 15 § 1509
594 T. 15 § 1510
595 Rep.
596 T. 15 § 1512
596a T. 15 § 1514
597 T. 15 § 1511
597a, 597a–1, 597b–597d Rep.
598 T. 15 § 1515
599 T. 15 § 1513
600–600b Rep.
601 T. 15 § 1516
601a–601d T. 15 §§ 189, 189a, 192, 192a
602 T. 15 § 1517
603 T. 15 § 1518
604 T. 15 § 1519
605 Rep.
606 T. 15 § 1520
606a Rep.
607 T. 15 § 1521
608 Rep.
608a T. 15 § 1522
608b T. 15 § 1523
608c T. 15 § 1524
611 T. 29 § 551
611a T. 29 § 552
611b T. 29 § 553
611c Rep. and Elim.
612, 613 Rep.
613a T. 29 § 554
613b T. 29 § 555
614 Rep.
615 T. 29 § 556
616 T. 29 § 557
617 T. 29 § 558
618 T. 29 § 559
619 Rep.
620 T. 29 § 560
621 T. 29 § 561
622 T. 29 § 562
622a T. 29 § 563
623 T. 42 § 3501
623a T. 42 § 3508
623b T. 42 § 3503
623c T. 42 § 3504
623d T. 42 § 3505
623e T. 42 § 3507
623f T. 42 § 3506
623g T. 42 § 3502
623h T. 42 § 3501a
623i Elim.
624 T. 42 § 3531
624a T. 42 § 3532
624b T. 42 § 3533
624c T. 42 § 3534
624d T. 42 § 3535
624e T. 42 § 3536
624f T. 42 § 3537
626(a) T. 10 § 8012
626(b) Rep.
626(c) T. 10 § 101(5); T. 50 § 409(c)
626(d) T. 10 § 8013
626(e) T. 10 § 8012
626(f) T. 10 § 8033
626(g) T. 10 § 8011
626–1 T. 10 § 8013, 8017
626–2 T. 10 §§ 8012, 9532
626a T. 10 § 8012
626b T. 10 § 8013
626c(a), (f) T. 10 § 8062
626c(b) T. 10 § 743
626c(c)–(e), 626c–1 to 626c–3, 626d, 626e Rep.
626f (See former 150p)
626g–626j (See former 150q–150t)
626k Rep.
626l, 626m T. 10 § 9441
626n T. 10 § 2632
626o Rep.
626p T. 10 § 9774
626q, 626r T. 10 § 9301
626s to 626s–2 T. 10 § 2481
626s–3 T. 10 § 2667
626s–4, 626s–5 Rep.
626s–6 T. 10 § 2667
626t, 626u T. 10 § 1581
626v–626y, 627 Rep.
627a T. 10 §§ 8208, 8215
627b T. 10 §§ 8071, 8208, 8297, 8299, 8305, 8504, 8685, 8888, 8915, 8916, 8927, 8962, 8991
627c Rep.
627d T. 10 § 8256
627e T. 10 § 8685
627f T. 10 §§ 8549, 8580, 8818
627g–627l Rep.
628 T. 10 § 9531
628a T. 10 § 9503
628b T. 10 § 174
628c T. 10 § 1584
628d T. 10 § 2352
628e T. 10 §§ 2353, 2357
628f, 628g T. 10 §§ 2354, 2355
628h T. 10 §§ 174, 2356
630 T. 40 § 751
630a T. 40 § 752
630b T. 40 § 753
630c Rep.
630d T. 40 § 754
630e T. 40 § 755
630f Rep.
630g T. 40 § 756
630g–1 T. 40 § 757
630g–2 T. 40 § 759
630h T. 40 § 758
630i Elim.
630j Rep.
631 3301, 7301
631a, 631b(a) Elim.
631b(b), (c) 3304
632 (1st par.) 1101
632 (2d–4th pars.) 1102
632 (5th par.) 1103
633(1) 1301, 3302
633(2)1 3304
633(2)2 3318
633(2)3 3306
633(2)4 3321
633(2)5 7321
633(2)6 7152, 7322
633(2)7 1302, 3304
633(2)8 2951, 3302
633(2)9 7153
633(3) 1302, 1307
633(4) 1303
633(5) 1308
633a–633e Rep.
634 1306
635 (1st 5 sentences) 1104, 1105
635 (6th sentence) 1105, 3305
635 (7th sentence) 3304
636 Rep.
637 T. 18 § 1917
638 2102, 3304, 3361
638a Rep.
638b 3307, 3322
639 Rep.
640 7352
641 3319
642 3303
642a 2953
643–645b Rep.
645c–645e Elim.
646–651b Rep.
652(a) 7501
652(b) 5591–5593
652(c) 7101
652(d) 7102
652a–652c 5596
653, 654 Rep.
655–657 1304
658 Elim.
659 3327
661–663b, 664–669a, 670–672c, 673–673b Rep.
673c (1st par., less provisos) Rep.
673c (1st proviso) 6102
673c (2d, 3d provisos) 5544
673c (2d par.), 674–678b Rep.
679 Elim.
680–684, 691, 691a, 692–692d, 693 to 693–2, 693a–693d, 694, 649a, 695, 695a, 696, 696a, 697, 697a, 698–698b, 699, 699a, 700, 700a, 701, 701a, 702, 702a, 703, 703a, 704, 704a, 705, 705a, 706, 706a, 707, 707a, 708, 708a, 709–615 Rep.
715a 3323
715b–715d, 716–718a, 719, 719–1, 719a, 719b, 720–729a, 730–736c, 737–739b, 740, 740a Rep.
740b–740i (See former 2281–2288)
745–745r Rep.
751 8102
752 8117
753 8105
754 8106
755(a), (b) 8107
755(c) 8108
755(d) 8109
756(a) 8110
756(b) 8111
756(c) 8112
756(d) 8113
756a Rep.
757 8116
758 8118
759(a) 8103
759(b) 8104
759(c) 3315a
760(A) 8133
760(B) 8101, 8133
760(C)–(G) 8133
760(H) 8101
760(I)–(K) 8133
760(L) T. 18 § 1921
760(M) 8101
761 8134
762 8114
763 8115
764 8135
765–767 8119
768, 769 8121
770 8122
771, 772, 773(a) 8123
773(b) 8127; T. 18 § 292
773(c) 8125
774(a) 8120
774(b) T. 18 § 1922
775 8130
776 8131
777 8132
778 8145
779 8120
780 8126
781 8145
782 Rep.
783 8145, 8149
784(a) 8148
784(b), (c) 7902
785 8147
786 8124
787 8128
788 8129
789 T. 18 § 1920
790 8101
791 8131
791–1 to 791–3, 791–4(a) Rep.
791–4(b) 8150
791a Rep.
791b Elim.
792 Rep.
793 (1st par.) 8146
793 (2d par., 1st sentence) 8146
793 (2d par., 2d sentence) 8138
793 (2d par., 3d, 4th sentences) 8146
793 (3d par.) 8146
793 (4th par., 1st sentence) 8138
793 (4th par., 2d sentence) 8136
793 (5th par., 1st through 6th sentences) 8137
793 (5th par., 7th sentence) 8128
793 (5th par., 8th sentence) 8137
793a(a), (b) 8146a
793a(c) 8101
794 8101, 8139
795–797a, 798–801 Rep.
802 8140
803(a)–(c) 8141
803(d) Rep.
803a 8150
821–823 Rep.
823a (See former 73c)
824–834 Rep.
835 5701
836 5702
837 5704
838 5705
839 5706
840 5707
841, 842 5708
851 1302, 2108
852 (1st 2 sentences) 3309, 3310
852 (less 1st 2 sentences) Elim.
853 3311
854 3308, 3312, 3351, 3363, 3504
855 3306, 3319
856 3313
857 3317, 3318, 3364
858 3320
859 3305
860 1302
861 3501–3503
862 3316
863 3315, 7512, 7701
864 3315, 3318
865 3314
866, 867 Rep.
868 1302, 7701
869 3320
901(a) 5541
901(b) Rep.
901(c) T. 2 § 60e–2. Rep. in part.
901(d), (e) 5541
902 5541; T. 2 § 60e–2
911 5542
912 5543
912a, 912b 5542
913 5544
914 5506
921 5545
921a 5546
922 5546
926 5545
931 T. 2 § 60e–3
932 T. 2 § 60e–4
932a T. 2 § 60e–5
932b T. 2 § 60e–6
932c(a)–(c) T. 2 § 60e–7
932c(d) 8331
932d(a)–(c) T. 2 § 60e–8
932d(d) 8331
932d(e) Rep.
932d(f) T. 2 § 60e–8
932e(a)–(e) T. 2 § 60e–9
932e(f) 8331
932f(a)–(d) T. 2 § 60e–10
932f(e) 8331
932f(f) T. 2 § 60e–10
932f(g) Rep.
932g(a)–(c) T. 2 § 60e–11
932g(d) 8331
932g(e) T. 2 § 60e–11
932h(a), (b) T. 2 § 60e–12
932h(c) 8331
932h(d) T. 2 § 60e–12
932i(a), (b) T. 2 § 60e–13
932i(c) 8331
932i(d), (e) T. 2 § 60e–13
933 5544; T. 2 § 60e–2b
933a T. 31 § 46a (See Rev. T. 31 Table)
934, 935 Rep.
941 5549
942–942b Rep.
943 5547
943a Rep.
944(a) 6101
944(b), (c) 5504
944(d) 5504, 6101
945 5504, 5548, 6101
946 5342
947–954 Rep.
955 T. 2 § 60e–4a
956–958 Rep.
1001 551
1002 552
1003 553
1004 554
1005 555
1006 556
1007 557
1008 558
1009 701–706
1010 (1st sentence) 3105
1010 (2d sentence) 7521
1010 (3d sentence) 4301, 5335, 5362
1010 (4th sentence) 3344
1010 (5th sentence) 1305
1011 559
1012–1014 500
1031–1040 T. 28 §§ 2341–2350
1041 T. 28 § 2352
1042 T. 28 § 2351
1045(a)–(d) Elim.
1045(e) 571
1045a 572
1045b 573
1045c 574
1045d 575
1045e 576
1051 5352, 5353
1052 5351
1053 8144
1054 8331, 8332
1055 5354
1056 Rep.
1057 5355
1058 5356
1071 5101
1072, 1072a 5115
1073 Rep.
1074 7154
1075 Rep.
1076 Elim.
1081 5102
1082 5102, 5341, 5342
1083 5103
1084(a) T. 2 § 60e–2a
1084(b), (c) 5102, 5103
1085 305
1091 5102
1092, 1093 5106
1094 5105
1101 5112
1102 5107, 5110
1103 5110
1104 5111
1105(a)–(l) 3324, 5108
1105(m) Rep.
1105a 5114
1105b Elim.
1106 5113
1107 5337
1111, 1112 5104
1113 5332
1114–1116 Rep.
1117 5595
1121 5335
1122 5336
1123 5335, 5336
1124, 1125 Rep.
1131 5333
1132 5334
1133 5333
1134 5545
1141, 1142 Rep.
1151 305
1152, 1153 Rep.
1161 3104, 3325, 5361
1162(a) 3325
1162(b) 5361
1162(c) 3104
1163 3104
1171 5301
1172 5302
1173 5303
1174 5304
1181 5343
1182(a) 5344, 5581
1182(b) 8331
1182(c) 5344
1183 8704
1184 Rep.
2001 4301
2002 4302
2003 4307
2004 4303
2005 4304
2006 4305
2007(a) 4308
2007(b)–(d) 4306
2061 5508, 6301, 6305
2061a 5551, 6302
2062(a), (b) 6303
2062(c), (d) 6304
2062(e) 6303
2062(f) 6305
2062(g) 6310
2062(h) 6302
2062(i) 6303
2062a, 2062b Rep.
2063 6307
2064(a)–(c) 6302
2064(d) 6309
2064(e) 6308
2065 6311
2066(a) 6304
2066(b)–(d) Rep.
2067 6301
2068–2070 Rep.
2071 6324
2091(a) 8701, 8716
2091(b) 8701
2091(c) 8706
2091(d) 8701, 8716
2092(a)–(c) 8704
2092(d) Rep.
2093 8705
2094(a) (1st par.) 8707
2094(a) (2d par.) 8702
2094(b) 8708
2094(c), (d) 8714. Elim. in part.
2095 8706
2096 8709, 8710
2097 8711, 8712
2098 8703
2099 Elim.
2100 8716. Elim. in part.
2101 8713. Elim. in part.
2102 1308. Elim. in part.
2103 8715. Elim. in part.
2121 1308, 4506
2122 4501
2123(a) 4503
2123(b) 4504
2123(c) 4505
2123(d), (e) 4502
2123(f) 3362
2123(g) 4502
2131 5901
2132 5901, 8331
2133 5901
2134 5902
2151 T. 10 § 1481
2152, 2153 T. 10 §§ 1481, 1482
2154 T. 10 § 1481
2155–2160 T. 10 §§ 1483–1488
2161, 2162 T. 10 § 1482
2163 Rep.
2171 T. 42 § 1973cc–1
2172 T. 42 § 1973cc–2
2173 T. 42 § 1973cc–3
2181 T. 42 § 1973cc–11
2182 T. 42 § 1973cc–12
2183 T. 42 § 1973cc–13
2184 T. 42 § 1973cc–14
2185 T. 42 § 1973cc–15
2191 T. 42 § 1973cc–21
2192 T. 42 § 1973cc–22
2193 T. 42 § 1973cc–23
2194 T. 42 § 1973cc–24
2195 T. 42 § 1973cc–25
2196 T. 42 § 1973cc–26
2201–2209 Rep.
2210 5311
2211(a) 5312
2211(b)(1)–(14) 5313
2211(b)(15) (less proviso) Elim.
2211(b)(15) (proviso) 5314
2211(b)(16)–(19) 5313
2211(c)(1)–(38) 5314
2211(c)(39) (less proviso) Elim.
2211(c)(39) (proviso) 5315
2211(c)(40)–(45) 5314
2211(c)(46) (less proviso) Elim.
2211(c)(46) (proviso) 5315
2211(c)(47) 5314
2211(d) 5315
2211(e) 5316
2211(f) 5317
2211(g) 5315, 5316
2212 5363
2213 5364
2251(a)–(g) 8331
2251(h)–(j) 8341
2251(k)–(t) 8331
2252(a)–(d) 8331
2252(e) 8347
2252(f) 8331, 8347
2252(g) 8331, 8332
2252(h) 8331, 8332, 8347
2253(a)–(e) 8332
2253(f), (g) 8333
2253(h)–(j) 8332
2254 8334
2255 8335
2256(a)–(e) 8336
2256(f) 8333, 8336
2257 8337
2258 8338
2259 8339
2260 8341
2261 8342
2262 8343
2263(a) 3323
2263(b), (c) 8344
2264 8345
2265 8346
2266(a)–(e) 8347
2266(f) 1308
2266(g) 8347
2267 8348
2268 8340
2281 8311
2282 8312
2283(a) 8314
2283(b), (c) 8315
2283a 8313
2284(a), (b) 8316
2284(c), (d) 8317
2284a(a) 8317
2284a(b) 8316
2285(a), (b) 8318
2285(c) 8320
2286 8321
2287 8319
2288 8322
2301(1)–(3) Elim.
2301(4) 4117
2302 4101
2303 4102
2304 4113
2305 4118
2306 4103
2307 4104
2308 4105
2309 4109
2310 4108
2311 4106
2312, 2313 4107
2314 4114
2315 4115
2316 4116
2317(a) 4113
2317(b), (c) 1308
2318(a) 4111
2318(b) 4110
2318(c) 4111
2318(d) 4107
2318(e) 4117
2319 4112
2331 3343, 3581
2332 3343
2333 3582, 3583
2334 3584
2351–2356 T. 20 §§ 901–906
2357 5334
2358(a) 5541, 6301
2358(b) T. 20 § 907
2358(c) 8331, 8701
2371–2379 T. 42 § 4271–4279
3001 8901
3002(a)–(f) 8901, 8905, 8913
3002(g) Rep.
3003 8903
3004 8904
3005 8902
3006 8906
3007 8909
3008(a) Rep.
3008(b) 8909
3009(a), (b) 8913
3009(c) 8908
3009(d) 8907
3010 8910
3011 1308
3012 8911
3013(a) 1104, 5109
3013(b) Rep.
3014 8912
3031 Elim.
3032 5921
3033–3035 5922
3036 5923
3037 5924
3038 5925
3039 5913
3051–3060 Elim.
3071 5521
3072 5522
3073 5523
3074 5524
3075 5525
3076 5527
3077 Rep.
3078 5526
3101 3326, 3501, 5531, 6303. Elim. in part.
3102(a)–(e) 5532
3102(f)–(h) Elim.
3103 3326
3104 Elim.
3105(a)–(d) 5533
3105(e) Elim.
3105(f) 5533
3121–3127 5911
Section 1 of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378, provided in part: "That the laws relating to the organization of the Government of the United States and to its civilian officers and employees, generally, are revised, codified, and enacted as title 5 of the United States Code, entitled `Government Organization and Employees’, and may be cited as `5 U.S.C., § ’."
Legislative Purpose: Inconsistent Provisions
Section 7(a) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "The legislative purpose in enacting sections 1–6 of this Act is to restate, without substantive change, the laws replaced by those sections on the effective date of this Act [Sept. 6, 1966]. Laws effective after June 30, 1965, that are inconsistent with this Act are considered as superseding it to the extent of the inconsistency."
Section 7(b) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "A reference to a law replaced by sections 1–6 of this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision enacted by this Act."
Outstanding Orders, Rules and Regulations
Section 7(c) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by sections 1–6 of this Act continues in effect under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act until repealed, amended, or superseded."
Section 7(d) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by sections 1–6 of this Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act."
Section 7(e) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "An inference of a legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the location in the United States Code of a provision enacted by this Act or by reason of the caption or catchline thereof."
Pay, Allowances, Compensation, or Annuity
Section 7(f) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "The enactment of this Act does not increase or decrease the pay, allowances, compensation, or annuity of any person."
Section 7(g) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid, all valid provisions that are separable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this Act is held invalid in one or more of its applications, the provision remains in effect in all valid applications that are severable from the invalid application or applications."
Applicability to Commissioned Officers of Public Health Service and Coast and Geodetic Survey
Section 7(h) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632, provided that: "Sections 1–6 of this Act shall be construed to apply to commissioned officers of the Public Health Service and commissioned officers of the Coast and Geodetic Survey [now the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] to the same extent that the laws replaced by those sections applied to these officers immediately before the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 6, 1966]."
Section 8(a) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632, repealed the sections or parts thereof of the Revised Statutes or Statutes at Large codified in this title, except with respect to rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun, before Sept. 6, 1966, and except as provided by section 7 of Pub. L. 89–554.
Section 8(c) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632, provided that: "The repeal of a law by this Act may not be construed as a legislative inference that the provision was or was not in effect before its repeal."
Continuation of Right to Deferred Annuity
Section 8(b) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632, provided that: "The right to a deferred annuity on satisfaction of the conditions attached thereto is continued notwithstanding the repeal of the law conferring the right."
Improvement of United States Code by Pub. L. 90–83; Legislative Purpose; Inconsistent Provisions; Corresponding Provisions; Savings and Separability of Provisions
Section 9(a)–(g) of Pub. L. 90–83, Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 222, provided that:
"(a) The legislative purpose in enacting sections 1–8 of this Act is to restate, without substantive change, the laws replaced by those sections on the effective date of this Act. Laws effective after February 21, 1967, that are inconsistent with this Act are considered as superseding it to the extent of the inconsistency.
"(b) A reference to a law replaced by sections 1–8 of this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision enacted by this Act.
"(c) An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by sections 1–8 of this Act continues in effect under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act until repealed, amended, or superseded.
"(d) An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by sections 1–8 of this Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act.
"(e) An inference of a legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the location in the United States Code of a provision enacted by this Act or by reason of the caption or catchline thereof.
"(f) The enactment of this Act does not increase or decrease the pay, allowances, compensation, or annuity of any person.
"(g) If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid, all valid provisions that are severable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this Act is held invalid in one or more of its applications, the provision remains in effect in all valid applications that are severable from the invalid application or applications."
Title Referred to in Other Sections
This title is referred to in title 2 sections 353, 437c, 622, 1316a; title 7 sections 84, 1765a, 1988, 6981, 7317; title 10 sections 1408, 1552, 1603, 1606, 2164; title 12 sections 1422b, 1795f, 1821, 2278a–3, 2279aa–3, 2405, 3307; title 14 section 186; title 15 sections 634d, 648, 649a, 2206, 2451, 6804; title 16 sections 410cc–36, 410ww–24, 410ccc–22, 450ss–3, 469j, 583j–1, 742f, 1401, 3702, 4005, 4604, 5804; title 18 sections 202, 3006A; title 20 sections 76k, 80g, 80o, 80q–4, 971, 1004, 1018, 1067j, 1098, 1137, 1138b, 1213c, 1221e, 1417, 1505, 3413, 3425, 3461, 4416, 5509, 5826, 6011, 6021, 6031, 9011, 9105, 9252; title 21 sections 394, 1908; title 22 sections 1622d, 2124c, 2421, 2581, 2905, 3008, 3652, 3664, 4606, 4823, 5421, 6204, 6207; title 24 section 417; title 25 sections 640d–11, 1661, 2021, 2022, 2704, 2707, 3113, 3505, 3731; title 26 sections 7471, 7803, 9010, 9040; title 28 sections 375, 561, 601, 625, 1877; title 29 sections 762, 783, 1147, 1808; title 30 section 1724; title 31 sections 301, 732, 733; title 33 section 1123; title 35 section 3; title 36 sections 151304, 151704, 152404; title 37 section 7257; title 38 sections 106, 707, 4103, 4312, 4322, 5303A, 7281, 7403, 7406, 7425, 7453, 7802; title 40 sections 136, 873, 1106; title 41 section 422; title 42 sections 217a, 237, 282, 285a–2, 285a–4, 285b–3, 288–4, 290aa, 299c–1, 299c–5, 300v–2, 903, 904, 907a, 1314, 1320a–4, 1320b–9, 1320c–2, 1395b–6, 1395m, 1395oo, 1395ww, 1863, 1975b, 2000e–4, 2210, 3015, 3525, 3533, 3788, 4025, 4372, 4768, 5149, 5404, 5667g–2, 7231, 7412, 8104, 10704, 12314, 12373, 12619, 12651e, 12651f, 14196; title 43 section 1731; title 46 App. sections 41, 1295g; title 49 sections 325, 32306; title 50 section 2081; title 50 App. section 2153.
PART I—THE AGENCIES GENERALLY
Chap. Sec.
1. Organization 101
3. Powers 301
5. Administrative Procedure 1 501
1 Pub. L. 90–83 added section 500 to chapter 5 without making a corresponding change in Part analysis.
6.2 The Analysis of Regulatory Functions 601
2 Editorially supplied. Chapter 6 added by Pub. L. 96–354 without a corresponding amendment of Part analysis.
7. Judicial Review 701
8. Congressional Review of Agency Rulemaking 801
9. Executive Reorganization 901
1996—Pub. L. 104–121, title II, § 253, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 874, added item for chapter 8.
Contents:
Chicago: "U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel", "Title 5— Government Organization and Employees," U.S. Code, Title 5, Government Organization and Employees in U.S. Code, Title 5, Government Organization and Employees (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2002), Original Sources, accessed April 25, 2024, http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=ET6BWISPI8JZ8ET.
MLA: "U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel". "Title 5— Government Organization and Employees." U.S. Code, Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, in U.S. Code, Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 2002, Original Sources. 25 Apr. 2024. http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=ET6BWISPI8JZ8ET.
Harvard: "U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel", 'Title 5— Government Organization and Employees' in U.S. Code, Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. cited in 2002, U.S. Code, Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.. Original Sources, retrieved 25 April 2024, from http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=ET6BWISPI8JZ8ET.
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