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A Dictionary of American History
Contents:
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1955)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1955) On 31 May 1955, the Supreme Court issued unanimous guidelines for desegregating schools. It vested federal district courts with jurisdiction to supervise this process, but gave the task of implementation to school boards. These received flexibility to end segregation according to timetables based on local circumstances, but that moved ahead “with all deliberate speed.” Federal district courts would supervise this process, and could extend deadlines for desegregation, but only if school boards showed good faith. Local resistance led the Supreme Court to rule on federal desegregation orders in Green v. County School Board of New Kent county, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Board of Education, Keyes v. Denver School District Number 1, Milliken v. Bradley, Pasadena City Board of Education v. Spangler, and Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell. By 1968, 76 percent of black children attended mostly minority schools, and 66 percent still did in 1994. Over 450 school districts remained under federal court supervision to ensure desegregation as late as May 1994.
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Chicago: Thomas L. Purvis, "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1955)," A Dictionary of American History in A Dictionary of American History (Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Reference, 1995), Original Sources, accessed February 16, 2025, http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=H3RHQ9BRV2QTMFM.
MLA: Purvis, Thomas L. "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1955)." A Dictionary of American History, in A Dictionary of American History, Cambridge, Mass., Blackwell Reference, 1995, Original Sources. 16 Feb. 2025. http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=H3RHQ9BRV2QTMFM.
Harvard: Purvis, TL, 'Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1955)' in A Dictionary of American History. cited in 1995, A Dictionary of American History, Blackwell Reference, Cambridge, Mass.. Original Sources, retrieved 16 February 2025, from http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=H3RHQ9BRV2QTMFM.
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