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U.S. Code, Title 16, Conservation
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General SummaryThe U.S. Code is a consolidation and codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States. While every effort has been made to ensure that this reproduction of the Code is accurate, those using it for legal purposes should verify their results against the printed version of the Code available through the Government Printing Office.
§ 1812. Highly Migratory Species
The United States shall cooperate directly or through appropriate international organizations with those nations involved in fisheries for highly migratory species with a view to ensuring conservation and shall promote the achievement of optimum yield of such species throughout their range, both within and beyond the exclusive economic zone.
(Pub. L. 94–265, title I, § 102, Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 336; Pub. L. 99–659, title I, § 101(b), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3707; Pub. L. 101–627, title I, § 103(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4439; Pub. L. 104–297, title I, § 104, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3563.)
1996—Pub. L. 104–297 substituted "shall promote the achievement of optimum yield" for "promoting the objective of optimum utilization".
1990—Pub. L. 101–627 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "The sovereign rights and exclusive fishery management authority asserted by the United States under section 1811 of this title over fish do not include, and may not be construed to extend to, highly migratory species of fish."
1986—Pub. L. 99–659 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "The United States shall exercise exclusive fishery management authority, in the manner provided for in this chapter, over the following:
"(1) All fish within the fishery conservation zone.
"(2) All anadromous species throughout the migratory range of each such species beyond the fishery conservation zone; except that such management authority shall not extend to such species during the time they are found within any foreign nation’s territorial sea or fishery conservation zone (or the equivalent), to the extent that such sea or zone is recognized by the United States.
"(3) All Continental Shelf fishery resources beyond the fishery conservation zone."
Effective Date of 1990 Amendment
Section 103(c) of Pub. L. 101–627 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1992."
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in section 1811 of this title.
Contents:
Chicago:
"U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel", "§ 1812. Highly Migratory Species," U.S. Code, Title 16, Conservation in U.S. Code, Title 16, Conservation (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2002), Original Sources, accessed July 5, 2025, http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=KRQGTMZ3YGHS6LU.
MLA:
"U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel". "§ 1812. Highly Migratory Species." U.S. Code, Title 16, Conservation, in U.S. Code, Title 16, Conservation, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 2002, Original Sources. 5 Jul. 2025. http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=KRQGTMZ3YGHS6LU.
Harvard:
"U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel", '§ 1812. Highly Migratory Species' in U.S. Code, Title 16, Conservation. cited in 2002, U.S. Code, Title 16, Conservation, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.. Original Sources, retrieved 5 July 2025, from http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=KRQGTMZ3YGHS6LU.
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