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Jour. Anth. Inst.
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Historical SummarySubincision occurs only in Australia, but frequently the so-called circumcision of girls in other tribes (removal of clitoris and sometimes labia) parallels the circumcision of boys. This is the case among some Semitic and Hamitic tribes of southwest Asia, in many eastern, western, and southern African tribes,3 among Malays, in Peruvian tribes, etc. Writing in 374 A.D., Bishop Ambrosius mentions a letter of an Egyptian father to the strategus Dionysos complaining that his daughter, of the age to be circumcised, refused to go through with the operation.4 Among the Nandi the ceremony for girls is notable for requiring the same fortitude as is demanded in the painful operation of the boys:
The test is a severe one. One ball of goat’s dung is balanced on the girl’s head, another on her knee, and a third on her big toe. If one of them falls to the ground, the girl is said to have flinched, and is considered a coward.5
The girl has been dressed in the clothes and bells of a warrior friend, and if she flinches these are thrown away.
3Seligman, C.G.n/an/an/an/a, "Some Aspects of the Hamitic Problem in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan," , 43: 593–705.
4 Bryk, F., Dis Beschneidung bei Mann und Weib, 235.
5 Hollis, op. cit., 59, note.
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Chicago:
"Jour. Anth. Inst.," Jour. Anth. Inst. in Primitive Behavior: An Introduction to the Social Sciences, ed. Thomas, William I. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1937), Original Sources, accessed July 12, 2025, http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=U5IVCBDF4K1Q3YP.
MLA:
. "Jour. Anth. Inst." Jour. Anth. Inst., Vol. 43, in Primitive Behavior: An Introduction to the Social Sciences, edited by Thomas, William I., New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1937, Original Sources. 12 Jul. 2025. http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=U5IVCBDF4K1Q3YP.
Harvard:
, 'Jour. Anth. Inst.' in Jour. Anth. Inst.. cited in 1937, Primitive Behavior: An Introduction to the Social Sciences, ed. , McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York. Original Sources, retrieved 12 July 2025, from http://www.originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=U5IVCBDF4K1Q3YP.
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